kap

See also: Kap, Kap., kāp, kæp, kąp, and kAp

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *kapa, from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Cognate to (Baltic) Latvian kàmpju, kàmpt; Proto-Celtic *kawnos (Old Irish cúan, Irish cuan, Scottish Gaelic cuan); Proto-Germanic *habnō, Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, lift”); Proto-Hellenic *kapťō (Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō)), Proto-Hellenic *kṓpā (Ancient Greek κώπη (kṓpē)); Proto-Italic *kapiō (Latin capiō) and (perhaps) also Old Armenian խափ (xapʻ), Old Armenian խափանեմ (xapʻanem) (perhaps) and Latin capsa.

Verb

(active) kap (aorist kapa, participle kapur)
(passive) kápem (aorist u kapa, participle kapur)

(intransitive) to grab, grip (someone or something)
Synonyms: rrok, zë

Kape për flokësh!
Grab her/him by the hair!
(2nd person) (you) catch (an object or feelings)
to seize, keep, hold (something, someone); to take or occupy (land, position)
Synonyms: marr, pushtoj; qep
to find, surprise (a person in a situation, act)
Synonym: gjej
(figurative, third person) to possess, overwhelm, scare (by a feeling, illness, demon)
to understand, see, hear immediately (a problem, issue, mission, task)
Synonym: kuptoj
to reach (to); meet (someone or something that walks in front)
Synonyms: arrij; takoj
(intransitive, figurative) to start, begin (work, job, path)
Synonyms: nis, filloj
(third person) to tan, warm up (by the sun); to capture (by wind; military service)
Synonyms: rrah, nxij; përfshij

(Gheg examples)
E ka kap dielli.
The sun had captured her/him. (meaning “He/she's got a sunburn/tan.”)

E rreh dielli ujët.
The sun warms up (beats up) the water(s).
(third person) to determine, constitute; to reach, cost (a high sum)
Synonym: kushtoj
to tie, bind, braid (hair)
Synonym: lidh
(figurative) to snatch, pull off (hat, wig)
Synonyms: heq, tërheq, shkul

Conjugation

active voice

Standard Albanian conjugation of kap (active voice)

Show compound tenses:

singular			plural
		participle		kapur


		gerund		duke kapur
		infinitive		për të kapur
1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.	1st pers.	2nd pers.	3rd pers.
indicative	present	kap	kap	kap	kapim	kapni	kapin
	imperfect	kapja	kapje	kapte	kapnim	kapnit	kapnin
	aorist	kapa	kape	kapi	kapëm	kapët	kapën





perfect	kam kapur	ke kapur	ka kapur	kemi kapur	keni kapur	kanë kapur
past perfect	kisha kapur	kishe kapur	kishte kapur	kishim kapur	kishit kapur	kishin kapur
aorist II	pata kapur	pate kapur	pati kapur	patëm kapur	patët kapur	patën kapur
future¹	do të kap	do të kapësh	do të kapë	do të kapim	do të kapni	do të kapin
future perfect²	do të kem kapur	do të kesh kapur	do të ketë kapur	do të kemi kapur	do të keni kapur	do të kenë kapur
subjunctive	present	të kap	të kapësh	të kapë	të kapim	të kapni	të kapin




imperfect	të kapja	të kapje	të kapte	të kapnim	të kapnit	të kapnin
perfect	të kem kapur	të kesh kapur	të ketë kapur	të kemi kapur	të keni kapur	të kenë kapur
past perfect	të kisha kapur	të kishe kapur	të kishte kapur	të kishim kapur	të kishit kapur	të kishin kapur
conditional^{1, 2}	imperfect	do të kapja	do të kapje	do të kapte	do të kapnim	do të kapnit	do të kapnin
conditional^{1, 2}	past perfect	do të kisha kapur	do të kishe kapur	do të kishte kapur	do të kishim kapur	do të kishit kapur	do të kishin kapur
optative	present	kapsha	kapsh	kaptë	kapshim	kapshit	kapshin
optative
perfect	paça kapur	paç kapur	pastë kapur	paçim kapur	paçit kapur	paçin kapur
admirative	present	kapkam	kapke	kapka	kapkemi	kapkeni	kapkan
	imperfect	kapkësha	kapkëshe	kapkësh	kapkëshim	kapkëshit	kapkëshin


perfect	paskam kapur	paske kapur	paska kapur	paskemi kapur	paskeni kapur	paskan kapur
past perfect	paskësha kapur	paskëshe kapur	paskësh kapur	paskëshim kapur	paskëshit kapur	paskëshin kapur
imperative	present	—	kap	—	—	kapni	—
¹) indicative future identical with conditional present ²) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Derived terms

kapth
kaps, kapsllëk m, kapsllëku m
kapem, kapur, kapje f, kapja f
kapës, kapësi m, kapëse f, kapësja f
kapëz f, kapëza f, kapshëm
kapt, kaptë f, kapta f, kaptoj, kaptohet, kaptuar
kapis (kapit), kapitem, kapitur, kapitje f, kapitja f
rraskapit, rraskapitem, rraskapitur, rraskapitje f, rraskapitja f
kaploj, kaplohem, kapluar

Noun

kap f

lid, cover

References

^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kap”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “kap”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: ] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

Danish

Noun

kap n (singular definite kappet, plural indefinite kap)

(geography) cape

Declension

Declension of kap

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	kap	kappet	kap	kappene
genitive	kaps	kappets	kaps	kappenes

Verb

kap

imperative of kappe

References

“kap” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɑp/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: kap
Rhymes: -ɑp

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch cappe, from Late Latin cappa.

Noun

kap f (plural kappen, diminutive kapje n)

cap
cover

Derived terms

Descendants

Berbice Creole Dutch: kapu
Negerhollands: kap
→ Indonesian: kap
→ Papiamentu: kap

Etymology 2

From kappen.

Noun

kap m (uncountable)

stroke; chopping

Verb

kap

inflection of kappen:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. imperative

Anagrams

pak

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kap/

Etymology 1

Verb

kap

Clipping of kapab.

Etymology 2

Particle

kap

Contraction of ki ap.
- 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎:
  Anvwaye espesyal Etazini pou Venezuela, Elliot Abrams, ak vis-minis afè etranjè Larisi, Sergei Ryabkov, ap fè reyinyon nan vil Wòm ann Itali pou yo pale sou sityasyon Venezuela kap agrave.”
  American Special Envoy for Venezuela Elliot Abrams and Russian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Ryabkov are meeting in the city of Rome, Italy to talk about "the situation in Venezuela which is worsening."

Etymology 3

Noun

kap

cape

Derived terms

Kap Ayisyen

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of kap – see 佮 (“and”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 佮).

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably an onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɒp

Verb

kap

(transitive) to get, to receive (from someone: -tól/-től; as something: -ul/-ül)
(intransitive) to snatch, to grab (expressing a sudden movement) (with -hoz/-hez/-höz, -ba/-be, felé, or után)
(transitive, dialectal) to find

Conjugation

conjugation of kap

Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	kapok	kapsz	kap	kapunk	kaptok	kapnak
		Def.	kapom	kapod	kapja	kapjuk	kapjátok	kapják
		2nd-p. o.	kaplak	―
	Past	Indef.	kaptam	kaptál	kapott	kaptunk	kaptatok	kaptak
		Def.	kaptam	kaptad	kapta	kaptuk	kaptátok	kapták
		2nd-p. o.	kaptalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. kapni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	kapék	kapál	kapa	kapánk	kapátok	kapának
		Def.	kapám	kapád	kapá	kapánk	kapátok	kapák
		2nd-p. o.	kapálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kap vala, kapott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	kapandok	kapandasz	kapand	kapandunk	kapandotok	kapandanak
		Def.	kapandom	kapandod	kapandja	kapandjuk	kapandjátok	kapandják
		2nd-p. o.	kapandalak	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	kapnék	kapnál	kapna	kapnánk	kapnátok	kapnának
		Def.	kapnám	kapnád	kapná	kapnánk (or kapnók)	kapnátok	kapnák
		2nd-p. o.	kapnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kapott volna
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	kapjak	kapj or kapjál	kapjon	kapjunk	kapjatok	kapjanak
		Def.	kapjam	kapd or kapjad	kapja	kapjuk	kapjátok	kapják
		2nd-p. o.	kapjalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kapott légyen
Infinitive	kapni		kapnom	kapnod	kapnia	kapnunk	kapnotok	kapniuk
Other forms	kapás		kapó	kapott	kapandó	kapva (kapván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of kap

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indicative mood	Present	Indef.	kaphatok	kaphatsz	kaphat	kaphatunk	kaphattok	kaphatnak
		Def.	kaphatom	kaphatod	kaphatja	kaphatjuk	kaphatjátok	kaphatják
		2nd-p. o.	kaphatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	kaphattam	kaphattál	kaphatott	kaphattunk	kaphattatok	kaphattak
		Def.	kaphattam	kaphattad	kaphatta	kaphattuk	kaphattátok	kaphatták
		2nd-p. o.	kaphattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	kaphaték	kaphatál	kaphata	kaphatánk	kaphatátok	kaphatának
		Def.	kaphatám	kaphatád	kaphatá	kaphatánk	kaphatátok	kaphaták
		2nd-p. o.	kaphatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kaphat vala, kaphatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	kaphatandok or kapandhatok	kaphatandasz or kapandhatsz	kaphatand or kapandhat	kaphatandunk or kapandhatunk	kaphatandotok or kapandhattok	kaphatandanak or kapandhatnak
		Def.	kaphatandom or kapandhatom	kaphatandod or kapandhatod	kaphatandja or kapandhatja	kaphatandjuk or kapandhatjuk	kaphatandjátok or kapandhatjátok	kaphatandják or kapandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	kaphatandalak or kapandhatlak	―
Conditional mood	Present	Indef.	kaphatnék	kaphatnál	kaphatna	kaphatnánk	kaphatnátok	kaphatnának
		Def.	kaphatnám	kaphatnád	kaphatná	kaphatnánk (or kaphatnók)	kaphatnátok	kaphatnák
		2nd-p. o.	kaphatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kaphatott volna
Subjunctive mood	Present	Indef.	kaphassak	kaphass or kaphassál	kaphasson	kaphassunk	kaphassatok	kaphassanak
		Def.	kaphassam	kaphasd or kaphassad	kaphassa	kaphassuk	kaphassátok	kaphassák
		2nd-p. o.	kaphassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kaphatott légyen
Inf.	(kaphatni)		(kaphatnom)	(kaphatnod)	(kaphatnia)	(kaphatnunk)	(kaphatnotok)	(kaphatniuk)
Positive adjective			kapható	Neg. adj.	kaphatatlan	Adv. part.	(kaphatva / kaphatván)

Derived terms

Compound words

adok-kapok

(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

References

^ kap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkap̚/
Hyphenation: kap

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kap (first-person possessive kapku, second-person possessive kapmu, third-person possessive kapnya)

(nautical, archaic) rope
Synonym: tali

Etymology 2

From Dutch kap, from Middle Dutch cappe, from Late Latin cappa.

Noun

kap (first-person possessive kapku, second-person possessive kapmu, third-person possessive kapnya)

cap
cover

Synonyms

tudung
tenda

Derived terms

berkap

kap mesin

Etymology 3

Noun

kap (first-person possessive kapku, second-person possessive kapmu, third-person possessive kapnya)

short for kapital.

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Armenian կապ (kap).

Noun

kap m or f

rope

Derived terms

kapik

References

Cabolov, R. L. (2001) “kāp”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 514
Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “kap”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume I, London: Transnational Press, page 376b

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kaup, from Proto-Germanic *kaupaz, from Latin caupo (“tradesman”). Cognates include Old English ċēap and Old Dutch *cōp.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkaːp/

Noun

kāp m

purchase

Descendants

North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: kuup
Saterland Frisian: Koop
West Frisian: keap

References

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kap/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ap
Syllabification: kap

Verb

kap

second-person singular imperative of kapać

Semai

Etymology

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kap ~ *kaap (“to bite”); cognate with Vietnamese cạp, Bahnar kăp, Pacoh cáp, Khasi jkep, Khmer ត្រកាប់ (trɑkap), Car Nicobarese kap.

Verb

kap

to bite

Derived terms

ke'nap

References

^ Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008) Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia, Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kapь.

Noun

kȃp f (Cyrillic spelling ка̑п)

drop
stroke (brain hemorrhage)

Declension

Declension of kap

	singular	plural
nominative	kap	kapi
genitive	kapi	kápī
dative	kapi	kapima
accusative	kap	kapi
vocative	kapi	kapi
locative	kapi	kapima
instrumental	kȃplju	kapima

Derived terms

kȁpljica
kaplja

Southern Kam

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʰa⁵³/

Noun

kap

ear

Swedish

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Declension

Declension of kap
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	kap	kapet	kap	kapen
Genitive	kaps	kapets	kaps	kapens

Etymology 1

From Old French cap, from Provençal, ultimately from Latin caput (“head”).

Noun

kap n

(geography) cape

Etymology 2

Deverbal from kapa (“hijack”).

Noun

kap n

a bargain, a steal, a catch (something (valuable) gotten for a very low price or with very low effort)
För 1000 kr är den ett kap. Den är värd minst det dubbla.
It's a steal at 1000 SEK. It's worth at least twice at much.

Jag är ett riktigt kap
I'm a real catch

References

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English cup.

Noun

kap

cup

Turkish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɑp/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قاب (kab), from Proto-Turkic *kāp. Cognate with Old Turkic (kap).

Noun

kap (definite accusative kabı, plural kaplar)

vessel, can, container, holder, pot, case
cover (of a vessel etc.)

Declension

Inflection

Nominative

kap

Definite accusative

kabı

Singular

Plural

Nominative

kap

Definite accusative

Dative

Locative

Ablative

Genitive

Possessive forms
Nominative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kabım	kaplarım
2nd singular	kabın	kapların
3rd singular	kabı	kapları
1st plural	kabımız	kaplarımız
2nd plural	kabınız	kaplarınız
3rd plural	kapları	kapları
Definite accusative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kabımı	kaplarımı
2nd singular	kabını	kaplarını
3rd singular	kabını	kaplarını
1st plural	kabımızı	kaplarımızı
2nd plural	kabınızı	kaplarınızı
3rd plural	kaplarını	kaplarını
Dative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kabıma	kaplarıma
2nd singular	kabına	kaplarına
3rd singular	kabına	kaplarına
1st plural	kabımıza	kaplarımıza
2nd plural	kabınıza	kaplarınıza
3rd plural	kaplarına	kaplarına
Locative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kabımda	kaplarımda
2nd singular	kabında	kaplarında
3rd singular	kabında	kaplarında
1st plural	kabımızda	kaplarımızda
2nd plural	kabınızda	kaplarınızda
3rd plural	kaplarında	kaplarında
Ablative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kabımdan	kaplarımdan
2nd singular	kabından	kaplarından
3rd singular	kabından	kaplarından
1st plural	kabımızdan	kaplarımızdan
2nd plural	kabınızdan	kaplarınızdan
3rd plural	kaplarından	kaplarından
Genitive
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kabımın	kaplarımın
2nd singular	kabının	kaplarının
3rd singular	kabının	kaplarının
1st plural	kabımızın	kaplarımızın
2nd plural	kabınızın	kaplarınızın
3rd plural	kaplarının	kaplarının

Derived terms

kaplı

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French cape.

Noun

kap (definite accusative kapı, plural kaplar)

cape (sleeveless garment covering the torso, especially as a woman’s dress)

Declension

Inflection

Nominative

kap

Definite accusative

kapı

Singular

Plural

Nominative

kap

Definite accusative

Dative

Locative

Ablative

Genitive

Possessive forms
Nominative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kapım	kaplarım
2nd singular	kapın	kapların
3rd singular	kapı	kapları
1st plural	kapımız	kaplarımız
2nd plural	kapınız	kaplarınız
3rd plural	kapları	kapları
Definite accusative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kapımı	kaplarımı
2nd singular	kapını	kaplarını
3rd singular	kapını	kaplarını
1st plural	kapımızı	kaplarımızı
2nd plural	kapınızı	kaplarınızı
3rd plural	kaplarını	kaplarını
Dative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kapıma	kaplarıma
2nd singular	kapına	kaplarına
3rd singular	kapına	kaplarına
1st plural	kapımıza	kaplarımıza
2nd plural	kapınıza	kaplarınıza
3rd plural	kaplarına	kaplarına
Locative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kapımda	kaplarımda
2nd singular	kapında	kaplarında
3rd singular	kapında	kaplarında
1st plural	kapımızda	kaplarımızda
2nd plural	kapınızda	kaplarınızda
3rd plural	kaplarında	kaplarında
Ablative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kapımdan	kaplarımdan
2nd singular	kapından	kaplarından
3rd singular	kapından	kaplarından
1st plural	kapımızdan	kaplarımızdan
2nd plural	kapınızdan	kaplarınızdan
3rd plural	kaplarından	kaplarından
Genitive
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	kapımın	kaplarımın
2nd singular	kapının	kaplarının
3rd singular	kapının	kaplarının
1st plural	kapımızın	kaplarımızın
2nd plural	kapınızın	kaplarınızın
3rd plural	kaplarının	kaplarının

Etymology 3

Verb

kap

second-person singular imperative of kapmak

Volapük

Noun

kap (nominative plural kaps)

head

Declension

declension of kap

	singular	plural
nominative	kap	kaps
genitive	kapa	kapas
dative	kape	kapes
accusative	kapi	kapis
vocative ¹	o kap!	o kaps!
predicative ²	kapu	kapus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Zou

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kap˧˥/

Verb

káp

(transitive) to shoot

Derived terms

ekap

References

Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 81

[1] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kap”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 169

[2] Demiraj, B. (1997) “kap”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: ] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

[3] kap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

[4] Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008) Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia, Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Wikious

Boobota

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