Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swīgēn
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *swīgā (“silence”) or *swīgī (“silent”) + *-ēn.
Verb
*swīgēn
Inflection
| Class 3 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swīgēn | |
| 1st sg. past | *swīg?dā | |
| Infinitive | *swīgēn | |
| Genitive infin. | *swīgēnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *swīgēnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swīgēniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swīgē | *swīg?dā |
| 2nd singular | *swīgēs | *swīg?dēs, *swīg?dēs |
| 3rd singular | *swīgēþ | *swīg?dē, *swīg?dā |
| 1st plural | *swīgēm | *swīg?dum |
| 2nd plural | *swīgēþ | *swīg?dud |
| 3rd plural | *swīgēnþ | *swīg?dun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swīgē | *swīg?dī |
| 2nd singular | *swīgēs | *swīg?dī |
| 3rd singular | *swīgē | *swīg?dī |
| 1st plural | *swīgēm | *swīg?dīm |
| 2nd plural | *swīgēþ | *swīg?dīd |
| 3rd plural | *swīgēn | *swīg?dīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swīgē | |
| Plural | *swīgēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swīgēndī | *swīg?d |
Related terms
Derived terms
Descendants
The verb was originally a weak stative verb, but developed strong forms in early Middle Dutch and Middle High German.
- Old English: swīgian, swīgan, sweogian, sweowian, swugian, swuwian, sugian, suwian
- Middle English: swīen
- Old Frisian: swīgia
- West Frisian: swije
- Old Saxon: swīgon
- Old Dutch: *swīgon
- Old High German: swīgēn
Further reading
- Guus Kroonen (2013) “*swīgēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501