Template:rsk-conj/documentation

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Documentation for Template:rsk-conj.
This page contains usage information, categories, interwiki links and other content describing the template.

Parameters

  • |1= (required) - verb aspect, impf for imperfective, pf for perfective. Optionally insert -se after verb aspect for reflexive form.
  • |2= (required) - conjugation class of the verb, which see following section. Note that the letters are written in the Latin alphabet, so for instance "2а" with a Cyrillic а (a) would not be recognized.
  • |dt= (required) - for Class 6b verbs, indicates whether the non-past forms are generated with a d/dz-root (d) or a t/c-root (t). Not required for verbs ending in -исц (-isc) or -йсц (-jsc) (defaults to d). Has no effect on verbs of any other class.
  • |short=1 (optional) - for Class 3a, Class 6 and Class 14 verbs, generates a short form of the masculine singular L-participle if exists. Has no effect on verbs of any other class.
  • |impf_part=1 (optional) - for perfective verbs, retains the participles as used in an imperfective verb, i.e. present active participle as opposed to past active participle. Only applies to a small number of perfective verbs derived from prefixing imperfective verbs.

Notes

  • The "subject" form of verbs refers to when a noun or pronoun is used before the verb. For verbs in the present and simple past, there is no difference; however, when the subject is used in the conditional mood, the би (bi) particle is not declined and goes before any conjugated verb forms or particles, as opposed to after the verb.
  • In the Kucura dialect, the plural L-participle is realized with the ending as -лї (-lji) rather than -ли (-li) as given in this template, e.g. читац (čitac, to read)вони читалї (voni čitalji, they read) as opposed to вони читали (voni čitali). However, the literary form was standardized based on the dialect of Ruski Krstur, thus that standard is followed in this template.

Verb classification

The verb classification for this template is based on and modified from the classification as outlined in Сербско-руски словнїк Vol. 2 (1997) p. 874-876 and Ґраматика руского язика за І, ІІ, ІІІ и ІV класу ґимназиї (2005) p. 131-134, with 14 classes. The first 4 classes are productive, Class 5 is of limited productivity, and the rest are non-productive. For the sake of Latin-script presentation, sub-categories а, б, в etc. will be converted to a, b, c. Unless otherwise specified, present stem 2 is used to construct the 3rd person plural present tense form and imperative forms, while stem 1 is used for all other present tense forms. Class values followed by an asterisk have not been implemented in actual code.

Class 1
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
1 чит-а-ц
мен-я-ц (мень-а-ц)
чит-а
меня (мень-а)
читаю (чит-ай-у)
меняю (мень-ай-у)
Class 2
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
2a видз-и-ц
дзелїц (дзель-и-ц)
видз-и
дзелї (дзель-и)
видз-
дзеля (дзель--а)
Class 2 L-participles use the suffix -е- (-e-) / -є- (-je-) as opposed to -и- (-i-) / -ї- (-ji-), e.g. робиц (robic)робел (robel) rather than *робил (*robil).
2b роб-и-ц роб-и робя (роб-й-а) Applies to verbs whose stem end with one of б, п, в, ф, м, р. Exception: патриц (patric)патра (patra) rather than *патря (*patrja). The imperative is constructed as in Class 2a, with no inserted (-j).
2c* червенїц (червень-и-ц) червенї (червень-и) червеня (червень--а) A special case of Class 5, in reality an extension of Class 2a. Implemented as part of Class 2a.
Class 3
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
3a спад-ну-ц спад-нє спадню (спад-нь-у)
  • Verbs derived with prefixes from verbs with a root on a consonant have two masculine L-participles: with the -ну- (-nu-) root, or without, in which case the (-l) ending is dropped. For example, розбегнуц (rozbehnuc)розбегнул (rozbehnul) / розбег (rozbeh).
  • For all other Class 3a verbs, the exact masculine singular L-participle paradigm is unclear and may depend on the specific verb.
  • The imperative ending is -нї (-nji), e.g. спаднуц (spadnuc)спаднї (spadnji)
3a рос-ну-ц
марз-ну-ц
рош-нє
марж-нє
рошню (рош-нь-у)
маржню (марж-нь-у))
Verbs in -снуц (-snuc) and -знуц (-znuc) give -шнє (-šnje) / -шню (-šnju) and -жнє (-žnje) / -жню (-žnju) in the present.
3b ги-ну-ц ги-нє гиню (ги-нь-у) Has the imperative ending -нь (-nʹ), e.g. стануц (stanuc)стань (sta).
Class 4
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
4 куп-ова-ц
знємир-йова-ц
куп-ує
знємир-ює
купую (куп-уй-у)
знємирюю (знємирй-уй-у)
Class 5
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
5 червен-ї-ц
жовц-и-ц
червен-єє
жовц-еє
червенєю (червень-ей-у)
жовцею (жовц-ей-у)
  • Some Class 5 verbs follow may follow Class 2 conjugation, in which case they may be referred to as Class 2c.
  • Like Class 2, has the L-participle suffix -е- (-e-) / -є- (-je-) as opposed to -и- (-i-) / -ї- (-ji-), e.g. червенїц (červenjic)червенєл (červenjel) rather than *червенїл (*červenjil).
Class 6
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
6a нє-с-ц
ве-з-ц
па-с-ц
нє-ше
ве-же
па-ше
нє-ш
ве-ж
па-ш
  • For all Class 6 verbs, there are two forms of masculine singular L-participles: with a null ending, or with -о- (-o-) inserted before (-l). For instance, однєсц (odnjesc)однєс (odnjes) / однєсол (odnjesol).
  • с → ш, з → ж in the imperative and present conjugations.
6b ве-с-ц
пре-с-ц
и-с-ц
плє-с-ц
гнє-с-ц
ве-дзе
пре-дзе
и-дзе
плє-це
гнє-це
ве-д
пре-д
и-д
плє-т
гнє-т
  • д → дз, т → ц in the imperative and present conjugations (minus 3p pl.).
  • исц (isc) and its derivatives have L-participles ending in -шол (-šol), -шла (-šla), etc.
Class 7
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
7a ор-а-ц
шме-я-ц
ор-е
шме-є
ор-
шмею (шмей--у)
The verbs брац (brac) and клац (klac) insert an additional vowel into the root in the present forms, therefore бере (bere) and беру (beru), колє (kolje) and колю (kolju).
7b пи-са-ц
колї-са-ц
бре-ха-ц
вя-за-ц
пла-ка-ц
пи-ше
колї-ше
бре-ше
вя-же
пла-че
пи-ш
колї-ш
бре-ш
вя-ж
пла-ч
х, с → ш
з → ж
к → ч
Class 8
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
8 клєч-а-ц
сп-а-ц (*шпй-а-ц)
клєч-и
шп-и
клєч-
шпя (шпй--а)
In the Kucur dialect, Class 8 verbs (minus спац (spac)) have the infinitive ending -иц (-ic) and L-participle -ел- (-el-), in which case the declension is equivalent to Class 2a.
Class 9
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
9 жи-ц
зре-ц
чу-ц
жи-є
зре-є
чу-є
жию (жи-й-у)
зрею (зре-й-у)
чую (чу-й-у)
The provided dictionary splits these three examples into three separate cases based on the preceding vowel, however the present stems are all the same, so the distinction will not be made in this template.
Class 10
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
10 шм-е-ц
сц-е-ц
шм-е
сц-е
шм-
сц-
  • The verb млєц (mljec) inserts -е- (-e-) in the stem in the present forms, e.g. мелє (melje).
  • Verbs whose roots end in -р- (-r-) insert -а- (-a-) in L-participles, e.g. умрец (umrec)умар (umar), умарла (umarla), with the masculine singular form dropping -л- (-l-).
Class 11
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
11 гр-а-ц
обняц (обнь-а-ц)
гр-еє
обнєє (обнь-еє)
грею (гр-ей-у)
обнєю (обнь-ей-у)
Class 12
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
12 ж-а-ц
поч-а-ц
вж-а-ц
одоцац
прецац
поста-ц
ж-нє
поч-нє
веж-нє
одот-нє
прет-нє
поста-нє
жню (ж-нь-у)
почню (поч-нь-у)
вежню (веж-нь-у)
одотню (одот-нь-у)
претню (прет-нь-у)
постаню (поста-нь-у)
  • Verbs ending in -стац (-stac) retain the full infinitive root when forming present stems.
  • Note the difference between Class 12 verbs ending in -стац (-stac) and standalone стац (stac), which is Class 13, or its derivatives.
Class 13
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
13 б-а-ц
ст-а-ц
пост-а-ц
б-ої
ст-ої
пост-ої
боя (б-ой-а)
стоя (ст-ой-а)
постоя (пост-ой-а)
Can theoretically be considered an extension of Class 2, with present and imperative forms using a stem ending in -оїц (-ojic), while only the infinitive and L-participles retaining -а- (-a-).
Class 14
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
14 печ-и-ц
облєч-и-ц
стреж-и-ц
мочи (*мож-и-ц)
печ-е
облєч-е
стреж-е
мож-е
печ-
облєч-
стреж-
мож-
Irregular
Value Infinitive Present stem 1 Present stem 2 Notes
irreg-єсц єсц є є-дз L-participles are єдол (jedol), єдла (jedla), etc.
irreg-грац* гра-ц гра-є граю (гра-й-у) L-participles are грал (hral), грала (hrala), etc. Not to be confused with Class 11 грац (hrac). Implemented as a Class 9 verb.
irreg-буц бу-ц бу-дз бу-д
  • Stem 1 and stem 2 are only used for the formation of future tense forms and the imperative, and follow Class 6b.
  • L-participles are бул (bul), була (bula), etc. Present tense forms are сом (som), ши (ši), є (je), зме (zme), сце (sce), and су (su).
  • Present forms often dropped when used as copulas in the present.
irreg-гнац* гнац же-нє женю (же-нь-у) Compare Slovak hnať, with 3rd person present forms ženie and ženú. Implemented as an irregular Class 7a verb.
irreg-прияц прияц при-ме при-м L-participles are приял (prijal), прияла (prijala), etc. Imperative root is прими (primi).