This template returns the whole conjugation of Slovak verbs. It works with any verb and requires two or (occasionally) three parameters to do so.
pf
and impf
; if the verb is impersonal, add -impers
to the parameter (yielding pf-impers
or impf-impers
); if the verb is reflexive, add -sa
or -si
depending on which reflexive particle should be used;3a
(pattern niesť), where it specifies the 3rd person plural without the personal ending -ú or -u, otherwise only needed with the pattern žuť (parameter 2 4d
) in rare cases when the infinitive ends with -iať and the present stem (3rd person singular) ends with -aje.To use the following parameters, call them with the value 1
:
no_impr
– indicated that the verb does not form imperative;no_gerund
– indicated that the gerund of a given verb is not used;no_pasv_part
and pasv_part
– indicate whether there should be or should not be the present passive participle for the verb, which is usually handled by the module itself, but sometimes this depends on facts that are way beyond the scope of the code.Sometimes there are more possibilities for a certain form of a verb, which can be specified with these parameters:
impr_2sg2
, impr_1pl2
, impr_2pl2
– provides alternative imperative forms;pres_actv_part2
, past_actv_part2
, pres_pasv_part2
– provides alternatives to the present/past active or passive participles;transgr2
– provides an alternative transgressive;gerund2
– provides an alternative gerund;past_m2
, past_f2
, past_n2
, past_pl2
– provides alternative l-participles (masculine, feminine, neutral and plural, respectively), which are then used to form the composite tenses, i.e. the conditionals, the past and the past perfect;pres_futr_1sg2
, pres_futr_2sg2
, pres_futr_3sg2
, pres_futr_1pl2
, pres_futr_2pl2
, pres_futr_3pl2
– provides alternative present (for imperfect verbs) or future forms (for perfect verbs).A simple regular verb like čítať requires only 2 parameters:
{{sk-conj|impf|1}}
The result:
infinitive | čítať | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present active participle | čítajúci | |||||
past active participle | — | |||||
passive participle | čítaný | |||||
l-participle (m./f./n./pl.) | čítal, čítala, čítalo, čítali | |||||
transgressive | čítajúc | |||||
gerund | čítanie | |||||
indicative | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present | čítam | čítaš | číta | čítame | čítate | čítajú |
past (m./f./n.) | čítal som čítala som čítalo som |
čítal si čítala si čítalo si |
čítal čítala čítalo |
čítali sme | čítali ste | čítali |
past perfect (m./f./n.) | bol som čítal bola som čítala bolo som čítalo |
bol si čítal bola si čítala bolo si čítalo |
bol čítal bola čítala bolo čítalo |
boli sme čítali | boli ste čítali | boli čítali |
future | budem čítať | budeš čítať | bude čítať | budeme čítať | budete čítať | budú čítať |
conditional | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present (m./f./n.) | čítal by som čítala by som čítalo by som |
čítal by si čítala by si čítalo by si |
čítal by čítala by čítalo by |
čítali by sme | čítali by ste | čítali by |
past (m./f./n.) | bol by som čítal bola by som čítala bolo by som čítalo |
bol by si čítal bola by si čítala bolo by si čítalo |
bol by čítal bola by čítala bolo by čítalo |
boli by sme čítali | boli by ste čítali | boli by čítali |
imperative | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present | — | čítaj | — | čítajme | čítajte | — |
The modal verb musieť belongs to the pattern vidieť (5b
), but does not have imperative forms:
{{sk-conj|impf|5b|no_impr=1}}
The result:
infinitive | musieť | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present active participle | musiaci | |||||
past active participle | — | |||||
passive participle | musený | |||||
l-participle (m./f./n./pl.) | musel, musela, muselo, museli | |||||
transgressive | musiac | |||||
gerund | musenie | |||||
indicative | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present | musím | musíš | musí | musíme | musíte | musia |
past (m./f./n.) | musel som musela som muselo som |
musel si musela si muselo si |
musel musela muselo |
museli sme | museli ste | museli |
past perfect (m./f./n.) | bol som musel bola som musela bolo som muselo |
bol si musel bola si musela bolo si muselo |
bol musel bola musela bolo muselo |
boli sme museli | boli ste museli | boli museli |
future | budem musieť | budeš musieť | bude musieť | budeme musieť | budete musieť | budú musieť |
conditional | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present (m./f./n.) | musel by som musela by som muselo by som |
musel by si musela by si muselo by si |
musel by musela by muselo by |
museli by sme | museli by ste | museli by |
past (m./f./n.) | bol by som musel bola by som musela bolo by som muselo |
bol by si musel bola by si musela bolo by si muselo |
bol by musel bola by musela bolo by muselo |
boli by sme museli | boli by ste museli | boli by museli |
The verb piecť belongs to the pattern niesť (3a
), therefore the 2nd form of the present stem (the 3rd person plural without the personal suffix) must be specified:
{{sk-conj|impf|3a|peč}}
The result:
infinitive | piecť | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present active participle | pečúci | |||||
past active participle | — | |||||
passive participle | pečený | |||||
l-participle (m./f./n./pl.) | piekol, piekla, pieklo, piekli | |||||
transgressive | pečúc | |||||
gerund | pečenie | |||||
indicative | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present | pečiem | pečieš | pečie | pečieme | pečiete | pečú |
past (m./f./n.) | piekol som piekla som pieklo som |
piekol si piekla si pieklo si |
piekol piekla pieklo |
piekli sme | piekli ste | piekli |
past perfect (m./f./n.) | bol som piekol bola som piekla bolo som pieklo |
bol si piekol bola si piekla bolo si pieklo |
bol piekol bola piekla bolo pieklo |
boli sme piekli | boli ste piekli | boli piekli |
future | budem piecť | budeš piecť | bude piecť | budeme piecť | budete piecť | budú piecť |
conditional | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present (m./f./n.) | piekol by som piekla by som pieklo by som |
piekol by si piekla by si pieklo by si |
piekol by piekla by pieklo by |
piekli by sme | piekli by ste | piekli by |
past (m./f./n.) | bol by som piekol bola by som piekla bolo by som pieklo |
bol by si piekol bola by si piekla bolo by si pieklo |
bol by piekol bola by piekla bolo by pieklo |
boli by sme piekli | boli by ste piekli | boli by piekli |
imperative | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present | — | peč | — | pečme | pečte | — |
Reflexive verbs like usmiať sa need to have this specified:
{{sk-conj|pf-sa|4d}}
The result:
infinitive | usmiať sa | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present active participle | — | |||||
past active participle | usmiavší sa | |||||
passive participle | — | |||||
l-participle (m./f./n./pl.) | usmial, usmiala, usmialo, usmiali | |||||
transgressive | usmejúc sa | |||||
gerund | usmiatie sa | |||||
indicative | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
past (m./f./n.) | usmial som sa usmiala som sa usmialo som sa |
usmial si sa usmiala si sa usmialo si sa |
usmial sa usmiala sa usmialo sa |
usmiali sme sa | usmiali ste sa | usmiali sa |
past perfect (m./f./n.) | bol som sa usmial bola som sa usmiala bolo som sa usmialo |
bol si sa usmial bola si sa usmiala bolo si sa usmialo |
bol sa usmial bola sa usmiala bolo sa usmialo |
boli sme sa usmiali | boli ste sa usmiali | boli sa usmiali |
future | usmejem sa | usmeješ sa | usmeje sa | usmejeme sa | usmejete sa | usmejú sa |
conditional | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present (m./f./n.) | usmial by som sa usmiala by som sa usmialo by som sa |
usmial by si sa usmiala by si sa usmialo by si sa |
usmial by sa usmiala by sa usmialo by sa |
usmiali by sme sa | usmiali by ste sa | usmiali by sa |
past (m./f./n.) | bol by som sa usmial bola by som sa usmiala bolo by som sa usmialo |
bol by si sa usmial bola by si sa usmiala bolo by si sa usmialo |
bol by sa usmial bola by sa usmiala bolo by sa usmialo |
boli by sme sa usmiali | boli by ste sa usmiali | boli by sa usmiali |
imperative | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present | — | usmej sa | — | usmejme sa | usmejte sa | — |
Impersonal verbs like pršať need to have this specified:
{{sk-conj|impf-impers|5c}}
The result:
infinitive | pršať | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present active participle | — | |||||
past active participle | — | |||||
passive participle | — | |||||
l-participle | pršalo | |||||
transgressive | — | |||||
gerund | pršanie | |||||
indicative | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present | — | — | prší | — | — | — |
past | — | — | pršalo | — | — | — |
past perfect | — | — | bolo pršalo | — | — | — |
future | — | — | bude pršať | — | — | — |
conditional | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
present | — | — | pršalo by | — | — | — |
past | — | — | bolo by pršalo | — | — | — |
Here is a list of all verbal patterns with the values for parameter 2. The patterns are taken from the official guidelines for Slovak morphology by Jozef Ružička and co.: Morfológia slovenského jazyka, 1966.
Class I | |||
---|---|---|---|
Value | Infinitive | Present stem 1 | Present stem 2 |
1
|
chyt-a-ť | chyt-á | chyt-aj-ú |
Class II | |||
Value | Infinitive | Present stem 1 | Present stem 2 |
2
|
rozum-ie-ť | rozum-ie | rozum-ej-ú |
Class III | |||
Value | Infinitive | Present stem 1 | Present stem 2 |
3a
|
nies-ť | nes-ie | nes-∅-ú |
3b
|
trie-ť | tr-ie | tr-∅-ú |
3c
|
hyn-ú-ť | hyn-ie | hyn-∅-ú |
3d
|
br-a-ť | ber-ie | ber-∅-ú |
Class IV | |||
Value | Infinitive | Present stem 1 | Present stem 2 |
4a
|
čes-a-ť | češ-e | češ-∅-ú |
4b
|
ža-ť | žn-e | žn-∅-ú |
4c
|
chudn-ú-ť | chudn-e | chudn-∅-ú |
4d
|
žu-ť | žuj-e | žuj-∅-ú |
4e
|
pracov-a-ť | pracuj-e | pracuj-∅-ú |
Class V | |||
Value | Infinitive | Present stem 1 | Present stem 2 |
5a
|
rob-i-ť | rob-í | rob-∅-ia |
5b
|
vid-ie-ť | vid-í | vid-∅-ia |
5c
|
krič-a-ť | krič-í | krič-∅-ia |
There are a few basic irregular verbs in the Slovak language, some more that are only derived from these:
Value | Infinitive | Present stem 1 | Present stem 2 |
---|---|---|---|
irreg-byť
|
byť | je | s-ú |
irreg-jesť
|
jesť | je | jed-ia |
irreg-vedieť
|
vedieť | vie | ved-ia |
irreg-chcieť
|
chcieť | chc-e | chc-ú |
irreg-ísť
|
ísť | id-e | id-ú |
irreg-stáť
|
stáť | stoj-í | stoj-a |
irreg-stať
|
stať sa | stan-e sa | stan-ú sa |
The verbs môcť and povedať and other verbs derived from them are handled separately in the code for the sake of simplicity, even though these forms are mostly regular according to one of the patterns mentioned above:
Value | Infinitive | Present stem 1 | Present stem 2 |
---|---|---|---|
irreg-môcť
|
môc-ť | môž-e | môž-u |
irreg-povedať
|
povedať | povie | poved-ia |