User:Sartma/Hebrew Shwa

• Always when followed by begadkefat letters without dagesh.
  • Compare זַרְעֲךָ (zarʕäḵɔ́, “your seed”) (vocal /ä/) with מַלְכְּךָ (malkə̈ḵɔ́, “your king”).
• Feminine and plural Active Participle (as expected since it followes a long /o/): יֹשְׁבָה f (yoʃə̈ḇɔ́, “sitting”), יֹשְׁבִים m pl (yoʃə̈ḇím, “sitting”), יֹשְׁבוֹת f pl (yoʃə̈ḇóṯ, “sitting”)
• Imperative
  1. Singular (as expected): שְׁפֹט (ʃə̈p̄óʈ, “judge!”)
  2. Plural: כִּתְבוּ (kiṯə̈ḇú, “write, ye!”)
• Plural nouns
  1. When due to vocalic changes the first of two ʃə̈wɔʔ's becomes /i/ or /a/: בְּרָכוֹת (bə̈rɔḵóṯ, “blessings”) → בִּרְכוֹתַי (birə̈ḵoṯáy, “my blessings”), אֲנָשִׁים (ʔänɔʃím, “men”) → אַנְשֵׁיכֶם (ʔanə̈ʃeḵɛ́m, “your men”) (See: Weingreen, p.10, Note)
  2. Segolates plural construct state: מֶלֶךְ (mɛ́lɛḵ, “king”) → מַלְכֵי (malə̈ḵe-, “kings of...”), סֵפֶר (séfɛr, “book”) → סִפְרֵי (sifə̈re-, “books of”), קֹדֶשׁ (qódɛʃ, “holiness”) → קָדְשֵׁי (qɔḏə̈ʃe-, “holiness (pl) of”)
  3. Katal pattern construct plurals: שָׂרָף (ʆɔrɔ́p̄) → שַׂרְפֵי (ʆarə̈p̄e-, “seraphs of”), זָנָב (zɔnɔ́ḇ, “tail”) → זַנְבוֹת (zanə̈ḇoṯ-, “tails of”).
• Infinitive Construct with בִּ־ (bi-) (as expected): בִּשְׁפֹט (bi-ʃə̈p̄óʈ, “when judging”).
• After a preposition that changes its ʃə̈wɔ́ʔ to hireq/pathah:
  • לְ־ (lə̈-): לִשְׁמוּאֵל (li-ʃə̈muʔél)
  • בְּ־ (bə̈-): בִּדְבַר הָאֱלֹהִים (bi-ḏə̈ḇar-hɔ-ʔɛ̈lohím), בִּדְבַשׁ (bi-ḏə̈ḇáʃ, “with honey”), בִּכְתָב (bi-ḵə̈ṯɔ́ḇ, “in writing”), בִּדְגַת הַיָּם (bi-ḏə̈ḡaṯ-hay-yɔ́m)
  • כְּ־ (kə̈-): כַּֽעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר (ka-ʕänan-bóqɛr)

  (exception: Infinitive Construct with לִ־ (li-). See below.)

• imperfect (as expected): יִשְׁפֹּט (yiʃpóʈ, “he will judge”).
• Segolates singular pronominal state (as expected, but see above segolates plural construct state): מֶלֶךְ (mɛ́lɛḵ, “king”) → מַלְכִּי (malkí, “my king”), סֵפֶר (séfɛr, “book”) → סִפְרִי (sifrí, “my book”), קֹדֶשׁ (qóḏɛʃ, “holiness”) → קָדְשִׁי (qɔḏʃí, “my holiness”)
• Infinitive Construct with לִ־ (li-) (because it's considered as a single word): לִשְׁפֹּט (liʃpóʈ, “to judge”).

• If נַעַר (náʕar) becomes נַעֲרוֹ (naʕäró), then shouldn't מֶלֶך (mélɛḵ) become מַלְכוֹ (malə̈ḵō), instead of מַלְכּוֹ (malkō, “his king”)? Why doesn't ע in נַעֲרוֹ (naʕäró) take a simple ʃə̈wɔ́ʔ, like in יְדַעְתֶּם (yə̈ḏaʕtɛ́m, “ye know”) or עַרְבַּיִם (ʕarbáyim, “two evenings”)? Is it because it's followed by ר (guttural-like sound?).
• דַּעְתּוֹ (daʕtó, “his knowledge”). No voiced ʃə̈wɔ́ here either. Blocked by the unvoiced sound of /t/?
  • /ä/ after a guttural can't be of any evidence, since it could just indicate a part of the phonetic realisation of gutturals.
  • No idea anymore why I'm talking about עַרְבַּיִם (ʕarbáyim, “two evenings”) here...
• וַיֶּאֱסֹר (way-yɛʔɛ̈sór) vs וַיֶּאְסֹר (way-yɛʔə̈sór)

• Plural construct of:
• עָנָף (“branch”): Plural construct should be: עַנְפֵי־
• אֶשֶׂךְ (“testicle”): Plural construct should be: אֶשְׂכֵי־
• גֶּלֶד (“scab”): From Wiktionary: גִּלְדֵי־
• בֶּרֶךְ (“knee”): Plural construct should be: בִּרְכֵּי־ (WHY?! because it's a dual construct and not plural?) Dual is: בִּרְכַּיִם
• גֶּרֶב (“sock”): Plural construct should be:גַּרְבֵּי־ (WHY?! dual here too?)
• דֶּלֶת (“door”): Plural construct: דַּלְתוֺת, דַּלְתֵי־
• דֶּרֶג (“scale”)Plural construct should be:דַּרְגֵי־
• דֶּרֶךְ (“way”) Plural construct is: דַּרְכֵי־, dual: דְּרָכַיִם
• וֶרֶד: Plural construct should be: וַרְדֵי־
• חֶ֫סֶד: Plural construct is: חַֽסְדֵי־
• חֶרֶב: Plural is: חַֽרְבוֹת־
• נֶכֶד: Plural should be: נֶכְדֵי־
• עֶבֶד: Plural is: עַבְדֵי־
• פֶּלֶג: Plural is: פַּלְגֵי־
• פָּרָג: Plural should be: פִּרְגֵי־
• קֶשֶׁת: Plural is: קַשְּׁתֹתֵיהֶם (why the daḡeʃ?)
• פֶּלֶךְ: with pronoun: פִּלְכּוֹ (pil.kō)

• מֶלֶךְ (mɛ́lɛḵ) - מַלְכֵי (malə̈ḵē)/מַלְכִּי (malkī)

With:

• 1. בַּעַל: Plural construt: בַּעֲלֵי (baʕälē)/singular with suffix: בַּעְלִּי (baʕlī)
  2. נַחַל: Plural construct: נַֽחֲלֵי
  3. נַעַל: Plural construct: נַֽעֲלֵיכֶם/singular with suffix: נַעֲלִי
  4. שַׁחַר: singular with suffix: שַׁחְרָךְ

• 1. עֵרֶךְ: Plural construct: עֶרְכֵי־/singular with suffix: עֶרְכִּי

• 1. כָּנָף: Singular with suffix: כְּנָפוֺ; Plural: כְּנָפַיִם; Plural construct: כַּנְפֵי

• עֲרָבָה: Singular with suffix: עַרְבָתָהּ; Plural construct: עַֽרְבוֹת (from plural עֲרָבוֺת)
• כָּבֵד (“heavy”): Plural construct: כִּבְדֵי (from plural: כְּבֵדִים)

• dagesh forte dirimens (disjunctive, separative) is inserted in a consonant to make the following ʃə̈wɔʔ vocal, e.g. עִנְּבֵי (ʕinə̈ḇê, “the grapes of”).

Considered an indication that the following ʃə̈wāʔ is vocal. But maybe not really true? See:

• מִֽגְדַּל (miḡdal) (contruct state of מִגְדָּל (miḡdɔl))
• יַֽעֲקוֹב (ya.ʕä.qōḇ/yaʕ(ä).qōḇ)

• Appendix:Hebrew patterns
  • Hebrew terms in the pattern קֶטֶל
  • Hebrew terms in the pattern קֹטֶל

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