User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gleh₁-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Reanalyzed root of *gléh₁ti, from *gew-l- (“ball, bowl, vessel”) +‎ *-éh₁ti (“stative suffix”), extended form of *gew- (“to curve, bend, twist”).

Root

*gleh₁-^[1]^[2]

ball, lump (of earth)

Extensions

*gleh₁-i- (“to spread; to stick”)

Related terms

*gew- (“to curve, bend, twist”)
- *gúH-e-ti (zero-grade present)
  - Proto-Germanic: *kūtaną (“to bend one's back”)
    - Norwegian: kuuta (ryggjn) (dialectical)
    - Swedish: kuta (ryggen) (dialectical)
- *gew-bʰ-
  - *gu-bʰ-o-s (“(store-)room, alcove”)
- *gew-d-
  - *gu-d-ó-m (“intestines”)
    - Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      - Proto-Slavic:
        Macedonian: года (góda)
    - Proto-Germanic: *kutą
      - Old Saxon:
        Low German: küt
    - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gudáH
      - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        Sanskrit: गुदा (gudā)
  - *gów-d-ó-m
    - Proto-Germanic: *kautǭ (“knuckle”)
      - Old Frisian: kāte
      - Old Dutch: *kuota
        Middle Dutch: cote
        Old Dutch: kootje
- *gew-dʰ-
  - *géw-dʰ-eh₂
    - Proto-Germanic: *keudō (“bag”) (see there for further descendants)
      - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *kuddô (see there for further descendants)
- *gew-H-
  - *guH-rόs
    - Proto-Hellenic:
      - Ancient Greek: γῡρός (gūrós, “round, curved”)
  - *gúH-tos
    - Proto-Germanic: *kūtaz
      - Norwegian: kut (“hunch, hump”)
- *gú-os ~ *gú-ēs
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - Ancient Greek: γύος (gúos, “system of vertebrae”)
    - Ancient Greek: γύης (gúēs, “curved piece of wood in a plough”)

*gew-l- (“curved object, ball, bowl, bag, vessel”)
- *géwl-o-s
  - Proto-Germanic: *keulaz (see there for further descendants)
- *gowl-ó-s
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gawlás
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      - Sanskrit: गोल (gola, “ball, globe”)
- *gul-iH
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guliH
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      - Sanskrit: गुली (gulī, “pill, any small globular substance”)
- *gul-yós
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - Ancient Greek: γυλιός (guliós, “knapsack”)

Derived terms

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*gleh₁-bʰ-
- *gléh₁bʰ-eh₂^[3]
  - Proto-Italic: *glēbā^[4]
    - Latin: glēba (“lump of earth, clod”)
- *gloh₁bʰ-ó-s (pretonic shortening)^[3]
  - Proto-Italic: *globos
    - Latin: globus (“round object”)
- *gl̥h₁bʰ-ó-s^[3]
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glī́ˀbāˀ
    - Proto-Slavic: *glìba
      - Russian: глы́ба (glýba, “lump”)
  - Proto-Germanic: *kulbaz (“round object”)^[3]
    - Old Saxon: kolbo
    - Old Dutch: *kolf
      - Middle Dutch: kolf
        Dutch: kolf
    - Old High German: kolbo, cholpo
      - Middle High German: kolbe
        Alemannic German: Cholbe, Cholpe
        Bavarian: Koim, Koibm
        Central Franconian: Kolf, Kolwe
        Hunsrik: Kolve
        German: Kolben
        → Luxembourgish: Kolben
        Luxembourgish: Kollef, Kolf
        Rhine Franconian: Kolwe
        Pennsylvania German: Kolwe
    - Old Norse: kolfr
*gleh₁-m-
- *gléh₁m-o-s
  - Proto-Italic: *glemos (pretonic shortening)^[5]
    - Latin: glomus (“ball-shaped mass”)
- *gleh₁m-bʰ-
  - gléh₁mbʰ-ōn ~ *glh₁m̥bʰ-n-és
    - Proto-Germanic: *klumpô (see there for further descendants)
*gleh₁-w-^[1]^[6]
- *gléh₁ws ~ *gl̥h₁wés
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gláHuš^[7]
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      - Sanskrit: ग्लौ (gláu, “round lump, ball, globe”)
- *gléh₁w-ōn ~ *gl̥h₁w-n-és^[8]
  - Proto-Germanic: *klewô (“clump, ball”)^[8] (see there for further descendants)
- *gleh₁w-H-
  - *glh₁wH-tó-s
    - Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      - Proto-Slavic: *glū́tā
        Slovene: glûta, glúta (“lump, swelling”)
    - Proto-Germanic: *klūtaz (“lump, clod”) (see there for further descendants)
- *gleh₁w-t-^[1]
  - *gloh₁wt-ó-s^[8]
    - Proto-Hellenic:
      - Ancient Greek: γλουτός (gloutós, “buttock”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g(e)l-eu-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 361–362
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kulba(n)-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 309: “*gl̥h₁bʰ-on-(?)”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “glēbā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265: “*glēbā”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “glomus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265: “*glemos”
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “gláu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 511: “*gleH-w-”
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*9gar- : gr-, *gaur- : gur-, *gul-, *gart-, *gard-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 285-287: “grau-”
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*klewan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292: “*gleuh₂-on-”

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g(e)l-eu-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 361–362

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190

[Kroonen_1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kulba(n)-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 309: “*gl̥h₁bʰ-on-(?)”

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “glēbā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265: “*glēbā”

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “glomus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265: “*glemos”

[6] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “gláu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 511: “*gleH-w-”

[ESIJa-7] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*9gar- : gr-, *gaur- : gur-, *gul-, *gart-, *gard-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 285-287: “grau-”

[Kroonen_2-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*klewan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292: “*gleuh₂-on-”

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