Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keulaz

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel; bowl”), from *gew- (“to bend; bow; vault; arch; curve; buckle”). Possibly related to *keluz, *kūliz, and *kūlǭ. However, see Ancient Greek γαυλός (gaulós).

Pronunciation

Noun

*keulaz m

  1. ship
    Synonyms: *baitaz, *skipą

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *keulaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *keulaz *keulōz, *keulōs
vocative *keul *keulōz, *keulōs
accusative *keulą *keulanz
genitive *keulas, *kiulis *keulǫ̂
dative *keulai *keulamaz
instrumental *keulō *keulamiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *keul
    • Old English: ċēol
      • >? Middle English: chiel, kele, keel (“small shipping vessel, lighter”) (possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch; displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
    • Old Frisian: *kiāl, *tziāl
    • Old Saxon: kiol
      • Middle Low German: kêl, kîl
        • German Low German: Kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
    • Old Dutch: *kiol
      • Middle Dutch: kiel
        • Dutch: kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
    • Old High German: kiol, chiol
      • Middle High German: kiel
        • German: Kiel (obsolete, displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
  • Old Norse: kjóll
  • → Proto-Finnic: *këula
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