Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel; bowl”), from *gew- (“to bend; bow; vault; arch; curve; buckle”). Possibly related to *keluz, *kūliz, and *kūlǭ. However, see Ancient Greek γαυλός (gaulós).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkeu̯.lɑz/

Noun

*keulaz m

ship
Synonyms: *baitaz, *skipą

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *keulaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*keulaz	keulōz, keulōs
vocative	*keul	keulōz, keulōs
accusative	*keulą	*keulanz
genitive	keulas, kiulis	*keulǫ̂
dative	*keulai	*keulamaz
instrumental	*keulō	*keulamiz

Related terms

*kūliz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *keul
- Old English: ċēol
  - >? Middle English: chiel, kele, keel (“small shipping vessel, lighter”) (possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch; displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
- Old Frisian: *kiāl, *tziāl
  - West Frisian: tjalk, tsjalk
    - → Dutch: tjalk
- Old Saxon: kiol
  - Middle Low German: kêl, kîl
    - German Low German: Kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
- Old Dutch: *kiol
  - Middle Dutch: kiel
    - Dutch: kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
- Old High German: kiol, chiol
  - Middle High German: kiel
    - German: Kiel (obsolete, displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
Old Norse: kjóll
- Icelandic: kjóll
→ Proto-Finnic: *këula
- Finnish: keula