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A traditional square tambourine, found in Portugal and elsewhere, of Moorish origin.
1999, Simon Broughton, Mark Ellingham, Richard Trillo, World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, Rough Guides, →ISBN, page 227:
A feature of Beira Baixa music, and found elsewhere too, is the adufe.
2005, Sergio Navarrete Pellicer, Maya Achi Marimba Music in Guatemala with CD (Audio), Temple University Press, →ISBN, page 100:
[...] we can identify the following rhythmic sesquialtera pattern in the melody played on the violin and the adufe drum, which make the connection ...
2012, Matt Dean, The Drum: A History, Scarecrow Press, →ISBN, page 28:
The adufe is also found in Egypt. This double-headed square frame drum, which is roughly the same size as the tar, may have bells attached inside the drum for varying timbres.
1753, Diego Antonio Cernadas y Castro, Mingotiña, si está alá:
Falas como nun Cortello è ainda hà de aver un estrozo, pois sin ver que o fol è mozo, dàs nel como nun fol vello: ay Mingota eu chè aconsello, non fagas con que se atufe, librenos Dios de que bufe, por que si colle un fumeiro en boas mans està ô Pandeiro para quentarche ô adufe.
You speak as a stable, and yet there will be a wreck, because, don't seeing that the bag is young, you hit it as if it was old: oh, Mingota, I recommend that you don't anger him, God save us from him seething, because if he grabs a club the tambourine is in good hands for heating your adufe drum
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “adufe”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
