From a Proto-Italic *arðwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- + *-wós (whence Latin -uus). Cognate with Latin arbor (“tree”), Welsh ardd (“high; hill”), Old Irish ard (“high; height”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “upright, straight”), Sanskrit ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá, “rising upwards, high”).
arduus (feminine ardua, neuter arduum); first/second-declension adjective
First/second-declension adjective.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | arduus | ardua | arduum | arduī | arduae | ardua | |
genitive | arduī | arduae | arduī | arduōrum | arduārum | arduōrum | |
dative | arduō | arduae | arduō | arduīs | |||
accusative | arduum | arduam | arduum | arduōs | arduās | ardua | |
ablative | arduō | arduā | arduō | arduīs | |||
vocative | ardue | ardua | arduum | arduī | arduae | ardua |