Borrowed from Middle English studien + -io, influenced by astud (“diligent”).
astudio (first-person singular present astudiaf)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | astudiaf | astudi | astudia | astudiwn | astudiwch | astudiant | astudir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | astudiwn | astudit | astudiai | astudiem | astudiech | astudient | astudid | |
preterite | astudiais | astudiaist | astudiodd | astudiasom | astudiasoch | astudiasant | astudiwyd | |
pluperfect | astudiaswn | astudiasit | astudiasai | astudiasem | astudiasech | astudiasent | astudiasid, astudiesid | |
present subjunctive | astudiwyf | astudiech | astudio | astudiom | astudioch | astudiont | astudier | |
imperative | — | astudia | astudied | astudiwn | astudiwch | astudient | astudier | |
verbal noun | astudio | |||||||
verbal adjectives | astudiedig astudiadwy |
inflected colloquial forms |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | astudia i, astudiaf i |
astudi di | astudith o/e/hi, astudiff e/hi |
astudiwn ni | astudiwch chi | astudian nhw |
conditional | astudiwn i, astudiswn i |
astudiet ti, astudiset ti |
astudiai fo/fe/hi, astudisai fo/fe/hi |
astudien ni, astudisen ni |
astudiech chi, astudisech chi |
astudien nhw, astudisen nhw |
preterite | astudiais i, astudies i |
astudiaist ti, astudiest ti |
astudiodd o/e/hi | astudion ni | astudioch chi | astudion nhw |
imperative | — | astudia | — | — | astudiwch | — |
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
astudio | unchanged | unchanged | hastudio |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.