beithir

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish beithir, possibly from Proto-Celtic *betrixs.

Pronunciation

Noun

beithir f (genitive singular beithre or beithreach, nominative plural beithreacha)

  1. (literary) bear (animal)
  2. (literary) warrior

Declension

Declension of beithir (second declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative beithir beithreacha
vocative a bheithir a bheithreacha
genitive beithre beithreacha
dative beithir beithreacha
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an bheithir na beithreacha
genitive na beithre na mbeithreacha
dative leis an mbeithir
don bheithir 		leis na beithreacha
Declension of beithir (fifth declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative beithir beithreacha
vocative a bheithir a bheithreacha
genitive beithreach beithreacha
dative beithir beithreacha
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an bheithir na beithreacha
genitive na beithreach na mbeithreacha
dative leis an mbeithir
don bheithir 		leis na beithreacha

Mutation

Mutated forms of beithir
radical lenition eclipsis
beithir bheithir mbeithir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Celtic *betrixs. The sense of “bear”, according to MacBain, was undoubtedly influenced by or borrowed from Proto-Germanic *berô, but the word also had the sense of “wild beast, serpent, monster”, and the like, which could be a Celtic descendant of the source of Latin bēstia (“wild beast”), itself of uncertain origin[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

beithir f or m (genitive bethrach or beithre)

  1. bear
  2. warrior, hero

Inflection

Feminine k-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative beithir bethraigL bethraig
Vocative beithir bethraigL bethracha
Accusative bethraigN bethraigL bethracha
Genitive bethrach bethrach bethrachN
Dative bethraigL bethrachaib bethrachaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Mutation of beithir
radical lenition nasalization
beithir beithir
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ 		mbeithir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “beithir”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish beithir, possibly from Proto-Celtic *betrixs.

Pronunciation

Noun

beithir m (genitive singular beathrach, plural beithrichean or beathraichean)

  1. (regional) bear (animal)
  2. serpent, viper
  3. wild beast

Mutation

Mutation of beithir
radical lenition
beithir bheithir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “beithir”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “beithir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “beithir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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