Underlyingly *bild-ti, an iR-vocalization of the zero-grade *bʰl̥- of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to sound; to speak, roar, bark”) which gave rise to an (unattested) *bilt which was extended with an additional -d- giving bilst. Of the same origin as balss (“voice”). Cognate with Lithuanian bilti (“to speak”) (3rd pres. bilsta), bilsti (“to knock, rumble”), byla (“speech; case, file”), Old Prussian billīt, billītwei (“to say, speak”). Iterative bildēt (“to speak”) (whence atbildēt (“to respond”)), causative bildināt (“to propose someone”).[1] Derksen reconstructs *bʰl̥d- already at a Proto-Indo-European stage, see Lithuanian bildėti.
bilst (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present bilstu, bilsti, bilst, past bildu)
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | bilstu | bildu | bildīšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | bilsti | bildi | bildīsi | bilsti |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | bilst | bilda | bildīs | lai bilst |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | bilstam | bildām | bildīsim | bildīsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | bilstat | bildāt | bildīsiet, bildīsit |
bilstiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | bilst | bilda | bildīs | lai bilst |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | bilstot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | bilstošs | ||
Past | esot bildis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | bilzdams | ||
Future | bildīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | bilstot | ||
Imperative | lai bilstot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | bilstam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | bildis | |||
Present | bilstu | Present Passive | bilstams | ||
Past | būtu bildis | Past Passive | bilsts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jābilst | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | bilst | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jābilst | Negative Infinitive | nebilst | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jābilstot | Verbal noun | bilšana |