bjn

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Egyptian

Pronunciation

 
  • (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːʔən/ → /ˈβoːʔən/

Verb

bin
G37

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive, of people) to acquire or have bad qualities
    1. (intransitive) to be(come) bad or evil (+ ḥnꜥ: toward (someone))
    2. (intransitive) to be(come) useless or good for nothing
    3. (intransitive) to be(come) in a miserable or wretched state
  2. (intransitive, of animals and things) to be(come) harmful
  3. (intransitive, of periods of time) to be(come) unpropitious or calamitous
  4. (intransitive, of milk) to sour, to go bad

Inflection

Conjugation of bjn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bjn, geminated stem: bjnn
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
bjn
 bjnw, bjn
 bjnt
 bjn
 bjn
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
bjn
 ḥr bjn
 m bjn
 r bjn
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect bjn.n
 consecutive bjn.jn
terminative bjnt
perfective3 bjn
 obligative1 bjn.ḫr
imperfective bjn
prospective3 bjn
 potentialis1 bjn.kꜣ
subjunctive bjn
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect bjn.n
 — —
perfective bjn
 bjn
 bjn, bjnw5, bjny5
imperfective bjn, bjny, bjnw5
 bjn, bjnj6, bjny6
 bjn, bjnw5
prospective bjn, bjntj7
 bjntj4, bjnt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bjn  
biNnDs
bjn

Adjective

bin
G37
  1. perfective active participle of bjn: bad, evil

Inflection

Declension of bjn (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular bjn
 bjnt
dual bjnwj
 bjntj
plural bjnw
 bjnwt1, bjnt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Along with nfr and ꜥꜣ, bjn is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond).[2]

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 33
  2. ^ Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66
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