borb

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish borb (“foolish, ignorant”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

borb (genitive singular masculine boirb, genitive singular feminine boirbe, plural borba, comparative boirbe)

  1. brusque, gruff, abrupt; rude
    Synonym: drochmhúinte
  2. pungent

Declension

Declension of borb
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative borb bhorb borba;
bhorba2
vocative bhoirb borba
genitive boirbe borba borb
dative borb;
bhorb1 		bhorb;
bhoirb (archaic) 		borba;
bhorba2
Comparative níos boirbe
Superlative is boirbe

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

  • boirbe f (“gruffness, rudeness”)

Verb

borb (present analytic borbann, future analytic borbfaidh, verbal noun borbadh, past participle borbtha)

  1. (intransitive) alternative form of borbaigh (“get angry, rude”)

Conjugation

conjugation of borb (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun borbadh
past participle borbtha
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present borbaim borbann tú;
borbair† 		borbann sé, sí borbaimid borbann sibh borbann siad;
borbaid† 		a bhorbann; a bhorbas /
a mborbann* 		borbtar
past bhorb mé; bhorbas bhorb tú; bhorbais bhorb sé, sí bhorbamar; bhorb muid bhorb sibh; bhorbabhair bhorb siad; bhorbadar a bhorb /
ar bhorb* 		borbadh
past habitual bhorbainn / mborbainn‡‡ bhorbtá / mborbtᇇ bhorbadh sé, sí / mborbadh sé, s퇇 bhorbaimis; bhorbadh muid / mborbaimis‡‡; mborbadh muid‡‡ bhorbadh sibh / mborbadh sibh‡‡ bhorbaidís; bhorbadh siad / mborbaidís‡‡; mborbadh siad‡‡ a bhorbadh /
a mborbadh* 		bhorbtaí / mborbta퇇
future borbfaidh mé;
borbfad 		borbfaidh tú;
borbfair† 		borbfaidh sé, sí borbfaimid;
borbfaidh muid 		borbfaidh sibh borbfaidh siad;
borbfaid† 		a bhorbfaidh; a bhorbfas /
a mborbfaidh* 		borbfar
conditional bhorbfainn / mborbfainn‡‡ bhorbfá / mborbfᇇ bhorbfadh sé, sí / mborbfadh sé, s퇇 bhorbfaimis; bhorbfadh muid / mborbfaimis‡‡; mborbfadh muid‡‡ bhorbfadh sibh / mborbfadh sibh‡‡ bhorbfaidís; bhorbfadh siad / mborbfaidís‡‡; mborbfadh siad‡‡ a bhorbfadh /
a mborbfadh* 		bhorbfaí / mborbfa퇇
subjunctive
present go mborba mé;
go mborbad† 		go mborba tú;
go mborbair† 		go mborba sé, sí go mborbaimid;
go mborba muid 		go mborba sibh go mborba siad;
go mborbaid† 		— go mborbtar
past dá mborbainn dá mborbtá dá mborbadh sé, sí dá mborbaimis;
dá mborbadh muid 		dá mborbadh sibh dá mborbaidís;
dá mborbadh siad 		— dá mborbtaí
imperative
– borbaim borb borbadh sé, sí borbaimis borbaigí;
borbaidh† 		borbaidís — borbtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of borb
radical lenition eclipsis
borb bhorb mborb

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “borb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 15, page 10
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch , Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 54
  5. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 9, page 7

Further reading

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

borb

  1. foolish, silly, senseless; stupid, ignorant, unlearned; rude, uncouth
  2. fierce, rough, rude, violent, harsh; arrogant

Declension

o/ā-stem
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative borb borb borb
vocative buirb*
borb**
accusative borb buirb
genitive buirb buirbe buirb
dative burb buirb burb
plural masculine feminine/neuter
nominative buirb borba
vocative burbu
borba†
accusative burbu
borba†
genitive borb
dative borbaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: borb
  • Scottish Gaelic: borb
  • Manx: barb

Mutation

Mutation of borb
radical lenition nasalization
borb borb
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ 		mborb

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish borb (“foolish, silly, senseless; stupid, ignorant, unlearned; rude, uncouth; fierce, rough, rude, violent, harsh; arrogant”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

borb (comparative buirbe)

  1. barbaric, barbarous
  2. boisterous
  3. brusque
  4. brutish, crude
  5. cruel, savage, fierce
  6. harsh
  7. knockabout
  8. rabid

Mutation

Mutation of borb
radical lenition
borb bhorb

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “borb”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan ‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “borb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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