Inherited from Middle French bransler, from Old French bransler (“to shake (a sword at), move”), a contracted form of brandeler (“to wobble”), from Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand, flaming sword, sword”), ultimately from Frankish *brand (“sword”), from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“burning, flash, firebrand, flaming sword”). Compare brandish.
The supposed intermediary form, Late Latin *brandulare, also from Proto-West Germanic *brand (“sword”), is unlikely given that the suffix -ulāre had already fallen into disuse (i.e. was no longer productive) at the time of borrowing.
branler
infinitive | simple | branler | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | branlant /bʁɑ̃.lɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | branlé /bʁɑ̃.le/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | branle /bʁɑ̃l/ |
branles /bʁɑ̃l/ |
branle /bʁɑ̃l/ |
branlons /bʁɑ̃.lɔ̃/ |
branlez /bʁɑ̃.le/ |
branlent /bʁɑ̃l/ |
imperfect | branlais /bʁɑ̃.lɛ/ |
branlais /bʁɑ̃.lɛ/ |
branlait /bʁɑ̃.lɛ/ |
branlions /bʁɑ̃.ljɔ̃/ |
branliez /bʁɑ̃.lje/ |
branlaient /bʁɑ̃.lɛ/ | |
past historic2 | branlai /bʁɑ̃.le/ |
branlas /bʁɑ̃.la/ |
branla /bʁɑ̃.la/ |
branlâmes /bʁɑ̃.lam/ |
branlâtes /bʁɑ̃.lat/ |
branlèrent /bʁɑ̃.lɛʁ/ | |
future | branlerai /bʁɑ̃l.ʁe/ |
branleras /bʁɑ̃l.ʁa/ |
branlera /bʁɑ̃l.ʁa/ |
branlerons /bʁɑ̃l.ʁɔ̃/ |
branlerez /bʁɑ̃l.ʁe/ |
branleront /bʁɑ̃l.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | branlerais /bʁɑ̃l.ʁɛ/ |
branlerais /bʁɑ̃l.ʁɛ/ |
branlerait /bʁɑ̃l.ʁɛ/ |
branlerions /bʁɑ̃.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
branleriez /bʁɑ̃.lə.ʁje/ |
branleraient /bʁɑ̃l.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | branle /bʁɑ̃l/ |
branles /bʁɑ̃l/ |
branle /bʁɑ̃l/ |
branlions /bʁɑ̃.ljɔ̃/ |
branliez /bʁɑ̃.lje/ |
branlent /bʁɑ̃l/ |
imperfect2 | branlasse /bʁɑ̃.las/ |
branlasses /bʁɑ̃.las/ |
branlât /bʁɑ̃.la/ |
branlassions /bʁɑ̃.la.sjɔ̃/ |
branlassiez /bʁɑ̃.la.sje/ |
branlassent /bʁɑ̃.las/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | branle /bʁɑ̃l/ |
— | branlons /bʁɑ̃.lɔ̃/ |
branlez /bʁɑ̃.le/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |