cadarnhau

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Welsh

Etymology

From cadarn (“strong, powerful, steadfast, firm, immovable, established, valid”) +‎ -hau.

Pronunciation

Verb

cadarnhau (first-person singular present cadarnhâf)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to strengthen, make fast or firm, secure, fortify, safeguard, reinforce, replenish; to harden, become obstinate; to cure, heal, make well; to perfect, complete
  2. (transitive, intransitive) to declare, affirm, assert, allege; to substantiate, establish, make valid, ratify, sanction, authorize
  3. (transitive, intransitive) to confirm, lay hands on (in blessing)

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future cadarnhâf cadarnhei cadarnhâ cadarnhawn cadarnhewch cadarnhânt cadarnheir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional cadarnhawn cadarnhait cadarnhâi cadarnhaem cadarnhaech cadarnhaent cadarnheid
preterite cadarnheais cadarnheaist cadarnhaodd cadarnhasom cadarnhasoch cadarnhasant cadarnhawyd
pluperfect cadarnhaswn cadarnhasit cadarnhasai cadarnhasem cadarnhasech cadarnhasent cadarnhasid, cadarnhesid
present subjunctive cadarnhawyf cadarnheych cadarnhao cadarnhaom cadarnhaoch cadarnhaont cadarnhaer
imperative — cadarnhâ cadarnhaed cadarnhawn cadarnhewch cadarnhaent cadarnhaer
verbal noun cadarnhau
verbal adjectives cadarnhedig
cadarnhadwy

Derived terms

  • cadarnhaol (“strengthening, reinforcing; positive, affirmative, confirmatory”, adjective)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
cadarnhau gadarnhau nghadarnhau chadarnhau
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cadarnhaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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