From Proto-Celtic *kat-wo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to protect”). Cognate with English hat, English heed, Latin cassis.[1]
cadw (first-person singular present cadwaf)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | cadwaf | cedwi | ceidw | cadwn | cedwch | cadwant | cedwir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | cadwn | cadwit | cadwai | cadwem | cadwech | cadwent | cedwid | |
preterite | cedwais | cedwaist | cadwodd | cadwasom | cadwasoch | cadwasant | cadwyd | |
pluperfect | cadwaswn | cadwasit | cadwasai | cadwasem | cadwasech | cadwasent | cadwasid, cadwesid | |
present subjunctive | cadwyf | cedwych | cadwo | cadwom | cadwoch | cadwont | cadwer | |
imperative | — | cadw, cadwa | cadwed | cadwn | cedwch | cadwent | cadwer | |
verbal noun | cadw | |||||||
verbal adjectives | cadwedig cadwadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | cadwa i, cadwaf i | cadwi di | cadwith o/e/hi, cadwiff e/hi | cadwn ni | cadwch chi | cadwan nhw |
conditional | cadwn i, cadwswn i | cadwet ti, cadwset ti | cadwai fo/fe/hi, cadwsai fo/fe/hi | cadwen ni, cadwsen ni | cadwech chi, cadwsech chi | cadwen nhw, cadwsen nhw |
preterite | cadwais i, cadwes i | cadwaist ti, cadwest ti | cadwodd o/e/hi | cadwon ni | cadwoch chi | cadwon nhw |
imperative | — | cadwa | — | — | cadwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
cadw | gadw | nghadw | chadw |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.