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caleō + idus. Cognate with Umbriancalersu. The origin of the sense “with a white mark on the forehead” is unknown. It may be related to Ancient Greekκηλάς(kēlás, “(femalegoat) with a mark on forehead”). Philologist Alan Nussbaum proposes that the Latin term may have been borrowed from a South Italian Doric variation, *κᾱλαδ-(*kālad-, “spotted”). Although a Proto-Indo-European root *kel- can be reconstructed, De Vaan rejects this etymology as he regards the shift from *kel- to *kal- as improbable.
In the sense "hot water", the syncopated form calda is particularly common. Emperor Augustus "corrects for saying calidam rather than caldam, not because it's not Latin, but because it's annoying and, as he himself puts it in Greek, περίεργον(períergon, “affected, overdone”)".
The form with -i- is completely absent from the surviving fragments of Petronius' Satyricon as inappropriate for representing informal speech, at least in the literal meaning.
^ B. Boyce (2018 July 17) The Language of the Freedmen in Petronius' Cena Trimalchionis, BRILL, →ISBN, page 42
Further reading
“calidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“calidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"calidus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
calidus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Alan J. Nussbaum (1999 January 1) *Jocidus: an account of the Latin adjectives in -idus