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compénétrer
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written compénétrer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written compénètrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
| infinitive | simple | compénétrer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | compénétrant /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | compénétré /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | compénètre /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
compénètres /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
compénètre /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
compénétrons /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁɔ̃/ |
compénétrez /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁe/ |
compénètrent /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
| imperfect | compénétrais /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁɛ/ |
compénétrais /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁɛ/ |
compénétrait /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁɛ/ |
compénétrions /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
compénétriez /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁi.je/ |
compénétraient /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | compénétrai /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁe/ |
compénétras /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁa/ |
compénétra /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁa/ |
compénétrâmes /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁam/ |
compénétrâtes /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁat/ |
compénétrèrent /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | compénètrerai or compénétrerai /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁe/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁe/ |
compénètreras or compénétreras /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁa/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁa/ |
compénètrera or compénétrera /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁa/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁa/ |
compénètrerons or compénétrerons /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
compénètrerez or compénétrerez /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁe/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁe/ |
compénètreront or compénétreront /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | compénètrerais or compénétrerais /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɛ/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁɛ/ |
compénètrerais or compénétrerais /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɛ/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁɛ/ |
compénètrerait or compénétrerait /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɛ/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁɛ/ |
compénètrerions or compénétrerions /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
compénètreriez or compénétreriez /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁje/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁje/ |
compénètreraient or compénétreraient /kɔ̃.pe.nɛ.tʁə.ʁɛ/ or /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | compénètre /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
compénètres /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
compénètre /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
compénétrions /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
compénétriez /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁi.je/ |
compénètrent /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | compénétrasse /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁas/ |
compénétrasses /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁas/ |
compénétrât /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁa/ |
compénétrassions /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
compénétrassiez /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁa.sje/ |
compénétrassent /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | compénètre /kɔ̃.pe.nɛtʁ/ |
— | compénétrons /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁɔ̃/ |
compénétrez /kɔ̃.pe.ne.tʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||