duine

Afrikaans

Noun

duine

1. plural of duin

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

The plural daoine is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/, /ˈd̪ˠɪn̠ʲə/

Noun

duine m (genitive singular duine, nominative plural daoine)

1. person, human being
2. one (in reference to human beings)

   Tá ceathrar páistí aige; tá duine acu tinn.

   He has four children; one of them is sick.

Declension

Synonyms

• neach

Derived terms

Related terms

• daonna (“human; humane, kindly”, adjective)
• duineatacht (“humaneness, kindliness”)
• duiniúlacht (“humanity, kindliness”)

Mutation

References

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “duine”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle English

Verb

duine

1. Alternative form of dwynen

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”).

Noun

duine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)

1. person

Derived terms

• dóen

Descendants

• Irish: duine
• Manx: dooinney
• Scottish Gaelic: duine

Mutation

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) (whence also dú (“place, spot”)).

Akin to Breton den (“man”) and Welsh dyn (“man”). For the parallel semantic development of the noun for "man, human" from the cognate nominal stem for "earth", compare Latin homō (“man, person”), Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma).

The plural doíni is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”) generally reconstructed as Proto-Celtic *dowenis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdunʲe/

Noun

duine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)

1. person. human being
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17^d23

     arná{m}·tomnad námmin duine sed deus

     that he should not suppose that I am a human but a god

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 134^d3

     Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n‑anduch, air is fechtnach a n‑andach mani erthroítar húa Día.

     You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil people, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Irish: duine
  • Irish: duine
  • Manx: dooinney
  • Scottish Gaelic: duine

Mutation

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪ɯɲə/
• (Eastern Highlands) IPA^(key): /t̪ɯɲ/

Noun

duine m (genitive singular duine, plural daoine)

1. man
2. person, body, individual
   • 1911 (Birlinn Limited), Edward Dwelly: The Illustrated Gaelic-English Dictionary:

     Duine gun mhath gun chron, is motha a chron na a mhath. ― A man that's neither good nor ill is more ill than good.

3. husband
4. one

   Is fheudar dha duine a-riamh a dh'aithneachadh na thathar a' dèanamh le fhèin an duine. ― One must always know what one is doing with oneself.

   Chan eil fios aig duine a riamh. ― One never knows.

Derived terms

Mutation

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “duine”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “duine”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language