envisager

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English

Etymology

envisage +‎ -er

Noun

envisager (plural envisagers)

  1. One who envisages.

French

Etymology

From en- +‎ visage +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/
  • Audio (Lyon, France)(file)

Verb

envisager

  1. to envisage; to contemplate
    J’envisage de partir demain matin ― I intend to leave tomorrow morning
    • 1991, Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence, Canada Parliament, House of Commons: Standing Committee on Public Accounts:
      Il s’agit d’une possibilité envisagée, et si l’on prend des mesures, je ne crois pas cela provoquerait un exode massif de sociétés canadiennes.
      This is a possibility under consideration, and if we do take action, I do not believe that it would cause a mass exodus of Canadian companies.
  2. (dated, original sense) to face

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written envisage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of envisager (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple envisager
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple envisageant
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle envisagé
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present envisage
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ 		envisages
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ 		envisage
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ 		envisageons
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɔ̃/ 		envisagez
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/ 		envisagent
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/
imperfect envisageais
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/ 		envisageais
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/ 		envisageait
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/ 		envisagions
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒjɔ̃/ 		envisagiez
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒje/ 		envisageaient
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/
past historic2 envisageai
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/ 		envisageas
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/ 		envisagea
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/ 		envisageâmes
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒam/ 		envisageâtes
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒat/ 		envisagèrent
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛʁ/
future envisagerai
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁe/ 		envisageras
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁa/ 		envisagera
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁa/ 		envisagerons
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		envisagerez
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁe/ 		envisageront
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional envisagerais
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		envisagerais
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		envisagerait
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		envisagerions
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		envisageriez
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒə.ʁje/ 		envisageraient
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present envisage
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ 		envisages
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ 		envisage
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ 		envisagions
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒjɔ̃/ 		envisagiez
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒje/ 		envisagent
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/
imperfect2 envisageasse
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/ 		envisageasses
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/ 		envisageât
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/ 		envisageassions
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		envisageassiez
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa.sje/ 		envisageassent
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — envisage
/ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ 		— envisageons
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɔ̃/ 		envisagez
/ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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