epaid

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

aupaith

Etymology

From ad- +‎ buith (“being”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈœ.bəðʲ/

Noun

epaid f (genitive eptha, nominative plural epthai)

charm, spell
- c. 697-900, Cáin Adomnáin, published in Cáin Adamnáin: an old-Irish treatise on the law of Adamnan (1905, Oxford University Press), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, §46
  Mát epthai día n-apallar da·bera nech do alailiu, féich dunetáiti ind.
  If it be charms by which death is caused by anyone on another, a fine for murder with concealment of the body for it.
- St. Gall Incantations, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, p. 248
  Fo·certar ind epaid-se i n-im nad·tét i n-uisce...
  This charm is laid in butter, in which it does not go into water...
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 20^b20
  aipthi ― glosses Latin veneficia

Inflection

Feminine i-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	epaid, aupaith	epaid^L, aupaith	epthai^H, aipthi^H
Vocative	epaid, aupaith	epaid^L, aupaith	epthai^H, aipthi^H
Accusative	epaid^N, aupaith	epaid^L, aupaith	epthai^H, aipthi^H
Genitive	eptho^H, eptha^H, auptha^H	eptho^H, eptha^H, auptha^H	epthae^N
Dative	epaid^L, aupaith	epthaib	epthaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

This term suffered various irregular deformations in the modern Goidelic languages.

Middle Irish: epaid
- Irish: upa
- Scottish Gaelic: ubag
- Manx: obbee

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
epaid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-epaid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “epaid, aupaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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