feic

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish ·aicci (“sees”), prototonic form of ad·cí, from Proto-Celtic *adkʷiseti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“see, heed”) (compare Sanskrit चायति (cāyati, “perceives”)) or Proto-Indo-European *kʷes- (compare Sanskrit चक्षति (cakṣati, “sees”)). The initial f- of the Modern Irish form comes from the misinterpretation of aic- as lenited fhaic- (later modified to fheic). Compare Scottish Gaelic faic.

Pronunciation

Noun

feic m (genitive singular feic, nominative plural feiceanna)

  1. (disparagingly) sight, spectacle

Declension

Declension of feic

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative feic feiceanna
Vocative a fheic a fheiceanna
Genitive feic feiceanna
Dative feic feiceanna

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an feic na feiceanna
Genitive an fheic na bhfeiceanna
Dative leis an bhfeic

don fheic

leis na feiceanna

Verb

feic (present analytic feiceann, future analytic feicfidh, verbal noun feiceáil, past participle feicthe)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) see
    • 2020 March 1, 1:57 from the start, in Lá Le Mamó nó Daideo‎, season 1, episode 16, TG4, retrieved 31 October 2023:
      (John Folan): An bhfaca tú an sleán cheana ariamh, an bhfacais? / (Jeaic Ó Cualáin): Chonaic. / (JF): An bhfacais?
      (JF): Have you ever seen a slane before, have you? / (JC): Yes, I have. / (JF): Have you?

Conjugation

conjugation of feic (irregular)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present feicim feiceann tú; feicir† feiceann sé, sí feicimid;
feiceann muid 		feiceann sibh feiceann siad;
feicid† 		a fheiceann; a fheiceas /
a bhfeiceann*; a bhfeiceas* 		feictear
past independent chonaic mé;
chonaiceas;
chonac 		chonaic tú;
chonaicis 		chonaic sé, sí chonaiceamar;
chonaic muid 		chonaic sibh;
chonaiceabhair 		chonaic siad;
chonaiceadar 		a chonaic chonacthas
past dependent faca mé;
facas 		faca tú;
facais 		faca sé, sí facamar;
faca muid 		faca sibh;
facabhair 		faca siad;
facadar 		a bhfaca* facthas
past habitual d'fheicinn /
fheicinn‡; bhfeicinn‡‡ 		d'fheicteá /
fheicteá‡; bhfeicteᇇ 		d'fheiceadh sé, sí /
fheiceadh sé, sí‡; bhfeiceadh‡‡ 		d'fheicimis; d'fheiceadh muid /
fheicimis‡; fheiceadh muid‡ 		d'fheiceadh sibh /
fheiceadh sibh‡ 		d'fheicidís; d'fheiceadh siad /
fheicidís‡; fheiceadh siad‡ 		a d'fheiceadh /
a bhfeiceadh* 		d'fheictí /
fheictí‡
future feicfidh mé;
feicfead 		feicfidh tú;
feicfir† 		feicfidh sé, sí feicfimid;
feicfidh muid 		feicfidh sibh feicfidh siad;
feicfid† 		a fheicfidh; a fheicfeas /
a bhfeicfidh*; a bhfeicfeas* 		feicfear
conditional d'fheicfinn /
fheicfinn‡; bhfeicfinn‡‡ 		d'fheicfeá /
fheicfeá‡; bhfeicfeᇇ 		d'fheicfeadh sé, sí /
fheicfeadh sé, sí‡; bhfeicfeadh sé, s퇇 		d'fheicfimis; d'fheicfeadh muid /
fheicfimis‡; fheicfeadh muid‡; bhfeicfimis‡‡; bhfeicfeadh muid‡‡ 		d'fheicfeadh sibh /
fheicfeadh sibh‡; bhfeicfeadh sibh‡‡ 		d'fheicfidís; d'fheicfeadh siad /
fheicfidís‡; fheicfeadh siad‡; bhfeicfidís‡‡; bhfeicfeadh siad‡‡ 		a d'fheicfeadh /
a bhfeicfeadh* 		d'fheicfí /
fheicfí‡; bhfeicf퇇
subjunctive present go bhfeice mé;
go bhfeicead† 		go bhfeice tú;
go bhfeicir† 		go bhfeice sé, sí go bhfeicimid;
go bhfeice muid 		go bhfeice sibh go bhfeice siad;
go bhfeicid† 		— go bhfeictear
past dá bhfeicinn dá bhfeicteá dá bhfeiceadh sé, sí dá bhfeicimis;
dá bhfeiceadh muid 		dá bhfeiceadh sibh dá bhfeicidís;
dá bhfeiceadh siad 		— dá bhfeictí
imperative feicim feic feiceadh sé, sí feicimis feicigí;
feicidh† 		feicidís — feictear
verbal noun feiceáil
past participle feicthe

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

in older literary language and Munster, the present indicative, past habitual, future, and conditional have independent forms built on the stem chí- (in West Kerry delenited to cí-); the feic- forms listed above are dependent and are only used in the present and habitual; in Munster, the past independent forms are pronounced with initial /xn-/ but spelled in a variety of ways; the verbal noun is also different in Munster:

singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present independent chím;
cím		 chí tú;
chíonn tú;
chír;
cíonn tú¶ 		chí sé, sí;
chíonn sé, sí;
cíonn sé, sí¶ 		chímid;
címíd		 chí sibh;
chíonn sibh;
cíonn sibh¶ 		chí siad;
chíonn siad;
chíd;
cíonn siad¶;
cíd		 a chí;
a chíonn;
a chíos 		chítear;
cítear
past habitual independent chínn chítheá chíodh sé, sí chímis chíodh sibh chídís;
chíodh siad 		a chíodh chítí
past independent chon(n)ac;
chnuc 		chonaicís;
chnuicís 		chon(n)aic sé, sí;
chnuic sé, sí 		chonaiceamair;
chonacamair;
chnuiceamair 		chonaiceabhair;
chonacabhair;
chnuiceabhair 		chonaiceadar;
chonacadar;
chnuiceadar 		a chon(n)aic chonacathas;
connc(ath)as;
chnucathas;
c(h)nuiceadh
past dependent feaca feacaís feaca(igh) sé, sí feacamair feacabhair feacadar a bhfeaca feac(th)as;
feacadh;
feacathars
future independent chífidh mé;
chífead;
cífidh mé¶;
cífead		 chífidh tú;
chífir;
cífidh tú¶;
cífir		 chífidh sé, sí;
cífidh sé, sí¶ 		chífimid;
cífimid		 chífidh sibh;
cífidh sibh¶ 		chífidh siad;
chífid;
cífidh siad¶;
cífid		 a chífidh;
a chífeas 		chífear;
cífear
future dependent gcífidh mé;
gcífead 		gcífidh tú;
gcífir 		gcífidh sé, sí gcífimid gcífidh sibh gcífidh siad;
gcífid 		a gcífidh;
a gcífeas 		gcífear
conditional independent chífinn chífeá chífeadh sé, sí chífimis chífeadh sibh chífidís;
chífeadh siad 		a chífeadh chífí
conditional dependent gcífinn gcífeá gcífeadh sé, sí gcífimis gcífeadh sibh gcífidís;
gcífeadh siad 		a gcífeadh gcífí
verbal noun feiscint

¶ West Kerry

In Ulster, the present indicative, past habitual, future, and conditional have independent forms built on the stem tí- (also spelled tchí-); the feic- forms listed above are dependent and are only used in the present and habitual. The simple past indicative independent form is thainic or thanaic (the dependent form being faca, as in the standard language):

singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present independent tím;
tí(onn) mé;
tchím;
tchí(onn) mé 		tí(onn) tú;
tchí(onn) tú 		tí(onn) sé, sí;
tchí(onn) sé, sí 		tímid;
tí(onn) muid;
tchímid;
tchí(onn) muid 		tí(onn) sibh;
tchí(onn) sibh 		tí(onn) siad;
tchí(onn) siad 		a tí(onn);
a tíos;
a tchí(onn);
a tchíos 		títhear;
tchíthear
past independent thainic/thanaic mé thainic/thanaic tú thainic/thanaic sé, sí thainic/thanaic muid thainic/thanaic sibh thainic/thanaic siad a thainic/thanaic thanacthas
past habitual independent tínn;
tchínn 		títheá;
tchítheá 		tíodh sé, sí;
tchíodh mé 		tímis;
tíodh muid;
tchímis;
tchíodh muid 		tíodh sibh;
tchíodh sibh 		tíodh siad;
tchíodh siad 		a tíodh;
a tchíodh 		títí;
tchítí
future tífidh mé;
tchífidh mé 		tífidh tú;
tchífidh tú 		tífidh sé, sí;
tchífidh sé, sí 		tífimid;
tífidh muid;
tchífimid;
tchífidh muid 		tífidh sibh;
tchífidh sibh 		tífidh siad;
tchífidh siad 		a tífidh;
a tífeas;
tchífidh;
tchífeas 		tífear;
tchífear
conditional tífinn;
tchífinn 		tífeá;
tchífeá 		tífeadh sé, sí;
tchífeadh sé, sí 		tífimis;
tífeadh muid;
tchífimis;
tchífeadh 		tífeadh sibh;
tchífeadh sibh
tífeadh siad;
tchífeadh siad 		a tífeadh;
a tchífeadh 		tífí;
tchífí

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
feic fheic bhfeic
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “feic”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “feic” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “feic” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
  • An briathar cíonn (pp. 278-281) in Ó Sé, Diarmuid. (2000). Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne. Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann. ISBN: 0-946452-97-0.
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