Reanalysis of an earlier third-person plural definite form hallik, hall + -ik (in the sense hallják (“they hear it”)) as a passive (middle-voice) form and its object as a subject (which used to coincide, as the object was unmarked).[1]
hallik
see / look | hear / sound | smell | taste | feel / touch | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Action verb | (meg)néz | (meg)hallgat | (meg)szagol | (meg)kóstol, (literary) (meg)ízlel |
megfog, (meg)tapint, (meg)tapogat | |
Perception verb | lát | hall | érez | |||
Sta- tive |
verb | látszik, tűnik, kinéz, fest |
hangzik hallatszik |
(érződik or archaic érzik) affecting one: esik (jólesik / rosszulesik) | ||
adjective | … kinézetű / külsejű (someone’s appearance) |
… hangú, … hangzású |
… szagú (bad/neutral) … illatú (pleasant) |
… ízű | … tapintású | |
possessive | … kinézete / külseje van … a kinézete / külseje |
… hangja van … a hangja |
… szaga / illata van …a szaga / …az illata |
… íze van … az íze |
… tapintása van … a tapintása |
On the other hand, certain verbs can express particular sensory impressions, e.g. illatozik (“to smell sweet, to be fragrant”) and bűzlik (“to stink, to reek”).
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | only 3rd-person forms | hallik | only 3rd-person forms | hallanak | |||
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | ― | hallott | ― | hallottak | ||||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hallani fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ― | halla or hallék |
― | hallának | ||||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hallik vala, hallott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | ― | halland (or hallandik) |
― | hallandanak | ||||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | hallana (or hallanék) |
― | hallanának | |||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hallott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | halljon or halljék |
― | halljanak | |||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hallott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | hallani | ― | hallania | ― | hallaniuk | ||||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
hallás | halló | hallott | ― | hallva (hallván) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | only 3rd-person forms | hallhat (or hallhatik) |
only 3rd-person forms | hallhatnak | |||
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | ― | hallhatott | ― | hallhattak | ||||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ― | hallhata or hallhaték |
― | hallhatának | ||||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hallhat vala, hallhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | ― | hallhatand or hallandhat (or hallhatandik or hallandhatik) |
― | hallhatandanak or hallandhatnak | ||||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | hallhatna (or hallhatnék) |
― | hallhatnának | |||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hallhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | hallhasson (or hallhassék) |
― | hallhassanak | |||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hallhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (hallhatni) | ― | (hallhatnia) | ― | (hallhatniuk) | ||||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hallhatva / hallhatván) | ||||
(With verbal prefixes):
From Swedish hallick, from Czech holomek, ultimately from holý (“naked”).
hallik m (definite singular halliken, indefinite plural halliker, definite plural hallikene)
“hallik” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“hallik” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
From Swedish hallick, from Czech holomek, ultimately from holý (“naked”).
hallik m (definite singular halliken, indefinite plural hallikar, definite plural hallikane)
“hallik” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.