harka
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English
Etymology
Noun
harka (plural harkas)
- (historical) In Maghrebi history, a military campaign, often a punitive expedition against insurgents.
Icelandic
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Norse harka, harðka, from harðr (“hard”) ( > Icelandic harður) + -ka.
Noun
harka f (genitive singular hörku, nominative plural hörkur)
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Verb
harka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative harkaði, supine harkað)
- to toughen
Usage notes
- Mainly used in set phrases.
Conjugation
harka — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að harka | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
harkað | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
harkandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég harka | við hörkum | present (nútíð) |
ég harki | við hörkum |
| þú harkar | þið harkið | þú harkir | þið harkið | ||
| hann, hún, það harkar | þeir, þær, þau harka | hann, hún, það harki | þeir, þær, þau harki | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég harkaði | við hörkuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég harkaði | við hörkuðum |
| þú harkaðir | þið hörkuðuð | þú harkaðir | þið hörkuðuð | ||
| hann, hún, það harkaði | þeir, þær, þau hörkuðu | hann, hún, það harkaði | þeir, þær, þau hörkuðu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
harka (þú) | harkið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| harkaðu | harkiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
Derived terms
- harka af sér (“to bear up, endure”)
- harka saman (synonymous, skrapa saman)
- harka sig upp
See also
Old Norse
Alternative forms
Etymology
Noun
harka f
Descendants
- Icelandic: harka f
References
- “harka”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Oromo
Etymology
From Proto-Cushitic. Cognates include Khonso harkaa.
Noun
harka
Quechua
Noun
harka
- Alternative spelling of hark'a
Declension
declension of harka
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harka | harkakuna |
| accusative | harkata | harkakunata |
| dative | harkaman | harkakunaman |
| genitive | harkap | harkakunap |
| locative | harkapi | harkakunapi |
| terminative | harkakama | harkakunakama |
| ablative | harkamanta | harkakunamanta |
| instrumental | harkawan | harkakunawan |
| comitative | harkantin | harkakunantin |
| abessive | harkannaq | harkakunannaq |
| comparative | harkahina | harkakunahina |
| causative | harkarayku | harkakunarayku |
| benefactive | harkapaq | harkakunapaq |
| associative | harkapura | harkakunapura |
| distributive | harkanka | harkakunanka |
| exclusive | harkalla | harkakunalla |
possessive forms of harka
ñuqap - first-person singular
| ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harkay | harkaykuna |
| accusative | harkayta | harkaykunata |
| dative | harkayman | harkaykunaman |
| genitive | harkaypa | harkaykunap |
| locative | harkaypi | harkaykunapi |
| terminative | harkaykama | harkaykunakama |
| ablative | harkaymanta | harkaykunamanta |
| instrumental | harkaywan | harkaykunawan |
| comitative | harkaynintin | harkaykunantin |
| abessive | harkayninnaq | harkaykunannaq |
| comparative | harkayhina | harkaykunahina |
| causative | harkayrayku | harkaykunarayku |
| benefactive | harkaypaq | harkaykunapaq |
| associative | harkaypura | harkaykunapura |
| distributive | harkayninka | harkaykunanka |
| exclusive | harkaylla | harkaykunalla |
qampa - second-person singular
| qampa (your) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harkayki | harkaykikuna |
| accusative | harkaykita | harkaykikunata |
| dative | harkaykiman | harkaykikunaman |
| genitive | harkaykipa | harkaykikunap |
| locative | harkaykipi | harkaykikunapi |
| terminative | harkaykikama | harkaykikunakama |
| ablative | harkaykimanta | harkaykikunamanta |
| instrumental | harkaykiwan | harkaykikunawan |
| comitative | harkaykintin | harkaykikunantin |
| abessive | harkaykinnaq | harkaykikunannaq |
| comparative | harkaykihina | harkaykikunahina |
| causative | harkaykirayku | harkaykikunarayku |
| benefactive | harkaykipaq | harkaykikunapaq |
| associative | harkaykipura | harkaykikunapura |
| distributive | harkaykinka | harkaykikunanka |
| exclusive | harkaykilla | harkaykikunalla |
paypa - third-person singular
| paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harkan | harkankuna |
| accusative | harkanta | harkankunata |
| dative | harkanman | harkankunaman |
| genitive | harkanpa | harkankunap |
| locative | harkanpi | harkankunapi |
| terminative | harkankama | harkankunakama |
| ablative | harkanmanta | harkankunamanta |
| instrumental | harkanwan | harkankunawan |
| comitative | harkanintin | harkankunantin |
| abessive | harkanninnaq | harkankunannaq |
| comparative | harkanhina | harkankunahina |
| causative | harkanrayku | harkankunarayku |
| benefactive | harkanpaq | harkankunapaq |
| associative | harkanpura | harkankunapura |
| distributive | harkaninka | harkankunanka |
| exclusive | harkanlla | harkankunalla |
ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural
| ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harkanchik | harkanchikkuna |
| accusative | harkanchikta | harkanchikkunata |
| dative | harkanchikman | harkanchikkunaman |
| genitive | harkanchikpa | harkanchikkunap |
| locative | harkanchikpi | harkanchikkunapi |
| terminative | harkanchikkama | harkanchikkunakama |
| ablative | harkanchikmanta | harkanchikkunamanta |
| instrumental | harkanchikwan | harkanchikkunawan |
| comitative | harkanchiknintin | harkanchikkunantin |
| abessive | harkanchikninnaq | harkanchikkunannaq |
| comparative | harkanchikhina | harkanchikkunahina |
| causative | harkanchikrayku | harkanchikkunarayku |
| benefactive | harkanchikpaq | harkanchikkunapaq |
| associative | harkanchikpura | harkanchikkunapura |
| distributive | harkanchikninka | harkanchikkunanka |
| exclusive | harkanchiklla | harkanchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural
| ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harkayku | harkaykukuna |
| accusative | harkaykuta | harkaykukunata |
| dative | harkaykuman | harkaykukunaman |
| genitive | harkaykupa | harkaykukunap |
| locative | harkaykupi | harkaykukunapi |
| terminative | harkaykukama | harkaykukunakama |
| ablative | harkaykumanta | harkaykukunamanta |
| instrumental | harkaykuwan | harkaykukunawan |
| comitative | harkaykuntin | harkaykukunantin |
| abessive | harkaykunnaq | harkaykukunannaq |
| comparative | harkaykuhina | harkaykukunahina |
| causative | harkaykurayku | harkaykukunarayku |
| benefactive | harkaykupaq | harkaykukunapaq |
| associative | harkaykupura | harkaykukunapura |
| distributive | harkaykunka | harkaykukunanka |
| exclusive | harkaykulla | harkaykukunalla |
qamkunap - second-person plural
| qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harkaykichik | harkaykichikkuna |
| accusative | harkaykichikta | harkaykichikkunata |
| dative | harkaykichikman | harkaykichikkunaman |
| genitive | harkaykichikpa | harkaykichikkunap |
| locative | harkaykichikpi | harkaykichikkunapi |
| terminative | harkaykichikkama | harkaykichikkunakama |
| ablative | harkaykichikmanta | harkaykichikkunamanta |
| instrumental | harkaykichikwan | harkaykichikkunawan |
| comitative | harkaykichiknintin | harkaykichikkunantin |
| abessive | harkaykichikninnaq | harkaykichikkunannaq |
| comparative | harkaykichikhina | harkaykichikkunahina |
| causative | harkaykichikrayku | harkaykichikkunarayku |
| benefactive | harkaykichikpaq | harkaykichikkunapaq |
| associative | harkaykichikpura | harkaykichikkunapura |
| distributive | harkaykichikninka | harkaykichikkunanka |
| exclusive | harkaykichiklla | harkaykichikkunalla |
paykunap - third-person plural
| paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harkanku | harkankukuna |
| accusative | harkankuta | harkankukunata |
| dative | harkankuman | harkankukunaman |
| genitive | harkankupa | harkankukunap |
| locative | harkankupi | harkankukunapi |
| terminative | harkankukama | harkankukunakama |
| ablative | harkankumanta | harkankukunamanta |
| instrumental | harkankuwan | harkankukunawan |
| comitative | harkankuntin | harkankukunantin |
| abessive | harkankunnaq | harkankukunannaq |
| comparative | harkankuhina | harkankukunahina |
| causative | harkankurayku | harkankukunarayku |
| benefactive | harkankupaq | harkankukunapaq |
| associative | harkankupura | harkankukunapura |
| distributive | harkankunka | harkankukunanka |
| exclusive | harkankulla | harkankukunalla |