harka
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English
Etymology
Noun
harka (plural harkas)
- (historical) In Maghrebi history, a military campaign, often a punitive expedition against insurgents.
Icelandic
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Norse harka, harðka, from harðr (“hard”) ( > Icelandic harður) + -ka.
Noun
harka f (genitive singular hörku, nominative plural hörkur)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | harka | harkan | hörkur | hörkurnar |
| accusative | hörku | hörkuna | hörkur | hörkurnar |
| dative | hörku | hörkunni | hörkum | hörkunum |
| genitive | hörku | hörkunnar | harkna, harka | harknanna, harkanna |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Verb
harka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative harkaði, supine harkað)
- to toughen
Usage notes
- Mainly used in set phrases.
Conjugation
| infinitive nafnháttur | að harka | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine sagnbót | harkað | |||||
| present participle |
harkandi | |||||
| indicative |
subjunctive | |||||
| present |
past |
present |
past | |||
| singular | ég | harka | harkaði | harki | harkaði | |
| þú | harkar | harkaðir | harkir | harkaðir | ||
| hann, hún, það | harkar | harkaði | harki | harkaði | ||
| plural | við | hörkum | hörkuðum | hörkum | hörkuðum | |
| þið | harkið | hörkuðuð | harkið | hörkuðuð | ||
| þeir, þær, þau | harka | hörkuðu | harki | hörkuðu | ||
| imperative boðháttur | ||||||
| singular | þú | harka (þú), harkaðu | ||||
| plural | þið | harkið (þið), harkiði1 | ||||
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
Derived terms
- harka af sér (“to bear up, endure”)
- harka saman (synonymous, skrapa saman)
- harka sig upp
See also
Old Norse
Alternative forms
Etymology
Noun
harka f
Descendants
- Icelandic: harka f
Further reading
- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “harka”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
Oromo
Etymology
From Proto-Cushitic. Cognates include Khonso harkaa.
Noun
harka
Quechua
Noun
harka
- alternative spelling of hark'a
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | harka | harkakuna |
| accusative | harkata | harkakunata |
| dative | harkaman | harkakunaman |
| genitive | harkap | harkakunap |
| locative | harkapi | harkakunapi |
| terminative | harkakama | harkakunakama |
| ablative | harkamanta | harkakunamanta |
| instrumental | harkawan | harkakunawan |
| comitative | harkantin | harkakunantin |
| abessive | harkannaq | harkakunannaq |
| comparative | harkahina | harkakunahina |
| causative | harkarayku | harkakunarayku |
| benefactive | harkapaq | harkakunapaq |
| associative | harkapura | harkakunapura |
| distributive | harkanka | harkakunanka |
| exclusive | harkalla | harkakunalla |