hingama
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Estonian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Verb
hingama (da-infinitive hingata)
- to breathe
Conjugation
Conjugation of hingama (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hingan | ei hinga | 1st sing. | olen hinganud | ei ole hinganud pole hinganud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hingad | 2nd sing. | oled hinganud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hingab | 3rd sing. | on hinganud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hingame | 1st plur. | oleme hinganud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hingate | 2nd plur. | olete hinganud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hingavad | 3rd plur. | on hinganud | ||||||
| impersonal | hingatakse | ei hingata | impersonal | on hingatud | ei ole hingatud pole hingatud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hingasin | ei hinganud | 1st sing. | olin hinganud | ei olnud hinganud polnud hinganud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hingasid | 2nd sing. | olid hinganud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hingas | 3rd sing. | oli hinganud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hingasime | 1st plur. | olime hinganud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hingasite | 2nd plur. | olite hinganud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hingasid | 3rd plur. | oli hinganud | ||||||
| impersonal | hingati | ei hingatud | impersonal | oli hingatud | ei olnud hingatud polnud hingatud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | hingaksin | ei hingaks | 1st sing. | hinganuksin oleksin hinganud |
ei hinganuks ei oleks hinganud poleks hinganud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hingaksid | 2nd sing. | hinganuksid oleksid hinganud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | hingaks | 3rd sing. | hinganuks oleks hinganud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | hingaksime | 1st plur. | hinganuksime oleksime hinganud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | hingaksite | 2nd plur. | hinganuksite oleksite hinganud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | hingaksid | 3rd plur. | hinganuksid oleksid hinganud | ||||||
| impersonal | hingataks | ei hingataks | impersonal | oleks hingatud | ei oleks hingatud poleks hingatud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | hinga | ära hinga | 2nd sing. | ole hinganud | ära ole hinganud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | hingaku | ärgu hingaku | 3rd sing. | olgu hinganud | ärgu olgu hinganud | ||||
| 1st plur. | hingakem | ärme hingame ärme hinga ärgem hingakem |
1st plur. | olgem hinganud | ärme oleme hinganud ärme ole hinganud ärgem olgem hinganud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | hingake | ärge hingake | 2nd plur. | olge hinganud | ärge olge hinganud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | hingaku | ärgu hingaku | 3rd plur. | olgu hinganud | ärgu olgu hinganud | ||||
| impersonal | hingatagu | ärgu hingatagu | impersonal | olgu hingatud | ärgu olgu hingatud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | hingavat | ei hingavat | active | olevat hinganud | ei olevat hinganud polevat hinganud | ||||
| passive | hingatavat | ei hingatavat | passive | olevat hingatud | ei olevat hingatud polevat hingatud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | hingama | hingatama | nominative | hingata | olla hinganud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | hingates | olles hinganud | |||||
| inessive | hingamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | hingamast | present | hingav | hingatav | |||||
| translative | hingamaks | past | hinganud | hingatud | |||||
| abessive | hingamata | negative | hingamatu | — | |||||
Further reading
- “hingama”, in Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
- “hingama”, in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “hingama”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- hingama in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)