hníga

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hníga, from Proto-Germanic *hnīganą, *hnīwaną.

Pronunciation

Verb

hníga (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hneig, third-person plural past indicative hnigu, supine hnigið)

  1. to sink, slump down, fall or collapse slowly

Conjugation

hníga — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að hníga
supine
(sagnbót) 		hnigið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		hnígandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég hníg við hnígum present
(nútíð) 		ég hnígi við hnígum
þú hnígur þið hnígið þú hnígir þið hnígið
hann, hún, það hnígur þeir, þær, þau hníga hann, hún, það hnígi þeir, þær, þau hnígi
past
(þátíð) 		ég hneig / hné við hnigum past
(þátíð) 		ég hnigi við hnigjum
þú hneigst / hnést þið hniguð þú hnigir þið hnigjuð
hann, hún, það hneig / hné þeir, þær, þau hnigu hann, hún, það hnigi þeir, þær, þau hnigju
imperative
(boðháttur) 		hníg (þú) hnígið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
hnígðu hnígiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
hniginn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		hniginn hnigin hnigið hnignir hnignar hnigin
accusative
(þolfall) 		hniginn hnigna hnigið hnigna hnignar hnigin
dative
(þágufall) 		hnignum hniginni hnignu hnignum hnignum hnignum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		hnigins hniginnar hnigins hniginna hniginna hniginna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		hnigni hnigna hnigna hnignu hnignu hnignu
accusative
(þolfall) 		hnigna hnignu hnigna hnignu hnignu hnignu
dative
(þágufall) 		hnigna hnignu hnigna hnignu hnignu hnignu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		hnigna hnignu hnigna hnignu hnignu hnignu

Note: the past forms hné, hnést are much less common than hneig, hneigst, and are considered archaic.

References

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hnīganą, *hnīwaną.

Verb

hníga (singular past indicative hné, plural past indicative hnigu, past participle hniginn)

  1. to fall gently, sink down
  2. to flow
    Synonym: fljóta
  3. to sink down; fall dead
  4. to incline, turn
  5. (with til + genitive) to turn towards

Conjugation

Conjugation of hníga — active (strong class 1)
infinitive hníga
present participle hnígandi
past participle hniginn
indicative present past
1st-person singular hníg hneig, hné
2nd-person singular hnígr hneigt, hnétt
3rd-person singular hnígr hneig, hné
1st-person plural hnígum hnigum
2nd-person plural hnígið hniguð
3rd-person plural hníga hnigu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular hníga hniga
2nd-person singular hnígir hnigir
3rd-person singular hnígi hnigi
1st-person plural hnígim hnigim
2nd-person plural hnígið hnigið
3rd-person plural hnígi hnigi
imperative present
2nd-person singular hníg
1st-person plural hnígum
2nd-person plural hnígið
Conjugation of hníga — mediopassive (strong class 1)
infinitive hnígask
present participle hnígandisk
past participle hnigizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular hnígumk hnigumk
2nd-person singular hnígsk hneigzk, hnézk
3rd-person singular hnígsk hneigsk, hnésk
1st-person plural hnígumsk hnigumsk
2nd-person plural hnígizk hniguzk
3rd-person plural hnígask hnigusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular hnígumk hnigumk
2nd-person singular hnígisk hnigisk
3rd-person singular hnígisk hnigisk
1st-person plural hnígimsk hnigimsk
2nd-person plural hnígizk hnigizk
3rd-person plural hnígisk hnigisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular hnígsk
1st-person plural hnígumsk
2nd-person plural hnígizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: hníga
  • Faroese: níga
  • Norwegian Bokmål: nige
  • Old Swedish: nīgha

References

  • “hníga”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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