in aghaidh

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Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Irish i n-agid (“against”, literally “in the face of”), from Old Irish agad (“face”).[2]

Pronunciation

Preposition

in aghaidh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

  1. contrary to
    Synonym: contrártha le
  2. opposed to, against
    Synonyms: i gcoinne, in éadan
    an comhrac in aghaidh na sceimhlitheoireachta ― the fight against terrorism
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 4:
      gax uəŕ, dā veḱn̥̄ šēd ə çēlə, biən̄ šēd ə n-ai ə çēlə.
      [Gach uair dá fheiceann siad a chéile, bíonn siad in aghaidh a chéile]
      Every time they see each other, they are opposed to each other.
      vī mē eǵ ə gūŕc əńḗ, vī n imr̥kə menī ə m ai, agəs buəlū mē sə gūš.
      [Bhí mé ag an gcúirt inné, bhí an iomarca mionnaí i m’aghaidh, agus bualadh mé sa gcúis.]
      I was in court yesterday; there were too many oaths against me and I lost the case.
    • 1981, An Bíobla Naofa, Matthew 18:21:
      A Thiarna, cé mhéad uair ba cheart dom pardún a thabhairt do mo bhráthair nuair a chiontaíonn i m’aghaidh?
      O Lord, how many times must I forgive my brother when he sins against me?
    • 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 2:
      Briseann tonnta boga in aghaidh na gcarraigeacha thíos faoi.
  3. (sports) versus

Inflection

Inflection of in aghaidh
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. i m'aghaidh i m'aghaidhse
2d person sing. i d'aghaidh i d'aghaidhse
3d sing. masc. ina aghaidh ina aghaidhsean
3d sing. fem. ina haghaidh ina haghaidhse
1st person pl. inár n-aghaidh inár n-aghaidhne
2d person pl. in bhur n-aghaidh in bhur n-aghaidhse
3d person pl. ina n-aghaidh ina aghaidhsean

References

  1. ^ “i n-aghaidh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “agad, aiged”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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