incumbo

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Latin

Etymology

From in- +‎ *cumbō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key):
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key):

Verb

incumbō (present infinitive incumbere, perfect active incubuī, supine incubitum); third conjugation, no passive

to lay oneself upon; to lean or recline on something
Synonym: immineō
to press down on, fall upon (e.g. one's sword)
Ferro incumbere.
To press down on iron.

Gladio incumbere.
To press down on a sword.

In gladium incumbere.
To fall on his sword.
to bend one's attention to; to devote or apply oneself to
ceris et stilo incumbere.

Usage notes

Constructed with in ("in"), ad ("to", "towards", "on"), super ("upon") or the dative, also with the accusative.
Incumbere in parietem.
To lean on a wall.

Conjugation

Conjugation of incumbō (third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem)

indicative		singular						plural
indicative		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	incumbō		incumbis		incumbit		incumbimus		incumbitis		incumbunt
	imperfect	incumbēbam		incumbēbās		incumbēbat		incumbēbāmus		incumbēbātis		incumbēbant
	future	incumbam		incumbēs		incumbet		incumbēmus		incumbētis		incumbent
	perfect	incumbuī		incumbuistī		incumbuit		incumbuimus		incumbuistis		incumbuērunt, incumbuēre
	pluperfect	incumbueram		incumbuerās		incumbuerat		incumbuerāmus		incumbuerātis		incumbuerant
	future perfect	incumbuerō		incumbueris		incumbuerit		incumbuerimus		incumbueritis		incumbuerint
subjunctive		singular						plural
subjunctive		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	incumbam		incumbās		incumbat		incumbāmus		incumbātis		incumbant
	imperfect	incumberem		incumberēs		incumberet		incumberēmus		incumberētis		incumberent
	perfect	incumbuerim		incumbuerīs		incumbuerit		incumbuerīmus		incumbuerītis		incumbuerint
	pluperfect	incumbuissem		incumbuissēs		incumbuisset		incumbuissēmus		incumbuissētis		incumbuissent
imperative		singular						plural
imperative		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		incumbe		—		—		incumbite		—
active	future	—		incumbitō		incumbitō		—		incumbitōte		incumbuntō
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
non-finite forms		active			passive			active			passive
present		incumbere			—			incumbēns			—
perfect		incumbuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		incumbendī		incumbendō		incumbendum		incumbendō		—		—

Derived terms

incumbēns

Descendants

French: incomber
Italian: incombere
Spanish: incumbir
Portuguese: incumbir

References

“incumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“incumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
incumbo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing: incumbere in (ad) aliquid
- to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare: in rem publicam omni cogitatione curaque incumbere (Fam. 10. 1. 2)
- to carry on a war energetically: omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere

Portuguese

Verb

incumbo

first-person singular present indicative of incumbir

Spanish

Verb

incumbo

first-person singular present indicative of incumbir

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