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jpw. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
jpw, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
jpw in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
jpw you have here. The definition of the word
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jpw, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Plural form of pw.
Determiner
m pl proximal, later vocative demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) these
- (Middle Egyptian, archaizing) O (vocative reference)
Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows the noun it describes.
In Old Egyptian it forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative jpf, in which jpw is proximal.
Its use in Middle Egyptian texts is an archaism.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
|
|
determiners
|
pronouns1
|
adverbs
|
| number
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
unmarked
|
| gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
masculine
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feminine
|
unmarked
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| proximal to speaker
|
pn
|
tn, jtn
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*jpnj
|
*jptnj
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jpn
|
jptn
|
nn
|
—
|
| distal
|
pf
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tf
|
*jpfj
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*jptfj
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jpf
|
jptf
|
nf
|
—
|
| proximal to spoken of
|
pj, pw, py, p
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tj, tw, jtw
|
jpwj
|
*jptwj
|
jpw
|
jptw
|
nw
|
—
|
| vocative
|
pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
|
- Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
|
|
determiners and pronouns
|
adverbs
|
| number
|
singular
|
plural1
|
| gender
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
unmarked
|
| proximal
|
pn
|
tn
|
nn
|
ꜥn
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| distal
|
pf, pfꜣ
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tf, tfꜣ
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nf, nfꜣ
|
ꜥf
|
| ‘copula’; vocative
|
pw, pwy
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tw, twy
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nw
|
—
|
| anaphoric
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ
|
ꜥꜣ
|
- Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
|
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
|
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
plural
|
|
adverb
|
| pronoun
|
pꜣw
|
dj
|
| determiners and pronouns
|
pꜣj
|
tꜣj
|
nꜣj
|
| possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)
|
pꜣy
|
tꜣy
|
nꜣy
|
| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
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p-n, pꜣ
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t-nt, tꜣ
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nꜣyw, nꜣ
|
| definite articles
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pꜣ
|
tꜣ
|
nꜣ1
|
| indefinite articles
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wꜥ1
|
nhꜣy1
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- Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jpw
Etymology 2
From jp (“to count, to assess, to assign”) + -w.
Noun
m
- (chiefly Late Egyptian) inventory, list, tax record
Inflection
Declension of jpw (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jpw
Noun
m
- levy, duty, payments
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jpw
References
- “jpw (lemma ID 854318)”, “jp.w (lemma ID 24340)”, and “jp.w (lemma ID 24330)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 67.1–67.2, 69.6–69.7
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 16–17
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 55.
