kelfa

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse kelfa.

Pronunciation

Verb

kelfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative kelfdi, supine kelft)

  1. (intransitive) to calve
  2. (transitive, with accusative, of cows) to impregnate

Conjugation

kelfa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að kelfa
supine
(sagnbót) 		kelft
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		kelfandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég kelfi við kelfum present
(nútíð) 		ég kelfi við kelfum
þú kelfir þið kelfið þú kelfir þið kelfið
hann, hún, það kelfir þeir, þær, þau kelfa hann, hún, það kelfi þeir, þær, þau kelfi
past
(þátíð) 		ég kelfdi við kelfdum past
(þátíð) 		ég kelfdi við kelfdum
þú kelfdir þið kelfduð þú kelfdir þið kelfduð
hann, hún, það kelfdi þeir, þær, þau kelfdu hann, hún, það kelfdi þeir, þær, þau kelfdu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		kelf (þú) kelfið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
kelfdu kelfiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
kelfast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að kelfast
supine
(sagnbót) 		kelfst
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		kelfandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég kelfist við kelfumst present
(nútíð) 		ég kelfist við kelfumst
þú kelfist þið kelfist þú kelfist þið kelfist
hann, hún, það kelfist þeir, þær, þau kelfast hann, hún, það kelfist þeir, þær, þau kelfist
past
(þátíð) 		ég kelfdist við kelfdumst past
(þátíð) 		ég kelfdist við kelfdumst
þú kelfdist þið kelfdust þú kelfdist þið kelfdust
hann, hún, það kelfdist þeir, þær, þau kelfdust hann, hún, það kelfdist þeir, þær, þau kelfdust
imperative
(boðháttur) 		kelfst (þú) kelfist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
kelfstu kelfisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
kelfdur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		kelfdur kelfd kelft kelfdir kelfdar kelfd
accusative
(þolfall) 		kelfdan kelfda kelft kelfda kelfdar kelfd
dative
(þágufall) 		kelfdum kelfdri kelfdu kelfdum kelfdum kelfdum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		kelfds kelfdrar kelfds kelfdra kelfdra kelfdra
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		kelfdi kelfda kelfda kelfdu kelfdu kelfdu
accusative
(þolfall) 		kelfda kelfdu kelfda kelfdu kelfdu kelfdu
dative
(þágufall) 		kelfda kelfdu kelfda kelfdu kelfdu kelfdu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		kelfda kelfdu kelfda kelfdu kelfdu kelfdu

Derived terms

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kalbijaną, North Germanic variant of *kalbōną (“to calve”).

Verb

kelfa (singular past indicative kelfir, plural past indicative keldir, past participle keldr)

  1. to calve

Conjugation

Conjugation of kelfa — active (weak class 1)
infinitive kelfa
present participle kelfandi
past participle keldr
indicative present past
1st-person singular kelfi kelda
2nd-person singular kelfir keldir
3rd-person singular kelfir keldi
1st-person plural kelfum keldum
2nd-person plural kelfið kelduð
3rd-person plural kelfa keldu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular kelfa kelda
2nd-person singular kelfir keldir
3rd-person singular kelfi keldi
1st-person plural kelfim keldim
2nd-person plural kelfið keldið
3rd-person plural kelfi keldi
imperative present
2nd-person singular kelf, kelfi
1st-person plural kelfum
2nd-person plural kelfið
Conjugation of kelfa — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive kelfask
present participle kelfandisk
past participle kelzk
indicative present past
1st-person singular kelfumk keldumk
2nd-person singular kelfisk keldisk
3rd-person singular kelfisk keldisk
1st-person plural kelfumsk keldumsk
2nd-person plural kelfizk kelduzk
3rd-person plural kelfask keldusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular kelfumk keldumk
2nd-person singular kelfisk keldisk
3rd-person singular kelfisk keldisk
1st-person plural kelfimsk keldimsk
2nd-person plural kelfizk keldizk
3rd-person plural kelfisk keldisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular kelfsk, kelfisk
1st-person plural kelfumsk
2nd-person plural kelfizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: kelfa
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kjelva, kjelve
  • Danish: kælve

References

  • “kelfa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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