From Proto-Finnic *kiljudak (compare Estonian kiljuma), ultimately onomatopoeic.
kiljua
Inflection of kiljua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kiljun | en kilju | 1st sing. | olen kiljunut | en ole kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kiljut | et kilju | 2nd sing. | olet kiljunut | et ole kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiljuu | ei kilju | 3rd sing. | on kiljunut | ei ole kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiljumme | emme kilju | 1st plur. | olemme kiljuneet | emme ole kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiljutte | ette kilju | 2nd plur. | olette kiljuneet | ette ole kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiljuvat | eivät kilju | 3rd plur. | ovat kiljuneet | eivät ole kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiljutaan | ei kiljuta | passive | on kiljuttu | ei ole kiljuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kiljuin | en kiljunut | 1st sing. | olin kiljunut | en ollut kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kiljuit | et kiljunut | 2nd sing. | olit kiljunut | et ollut kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiljui | ei kiljunut | 3rd sing. | oli kiljunut | ei ollut kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiljuimme | emme kiljuneet | 1st plur. | olimme kiljuneet | emme olleet kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiljuitte | ette kiljuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kiljuneet | ette olleet kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiljuivat | eivät kiljuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kiljuneet | eivät olleet kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiljuttiin | ei kiljuttu | passive | oli kiljuttu | ei ollut kiljuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kiljuisin | en kiljuisi | 1st sing. | olisin kiljunut | en olisi kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kiljuisit | et kiljuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kiljunut | et olisi kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiljuisi | ei kiljuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kiljunut | ei olisi kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiljuisimme | emme kiljuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kiljuneet | emme olisi kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiljuisitte | ette kiljuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kiljuneet | ette olisi kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiljuisivat | eivät kiljuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kiljuneet | eivät olisi kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiljuttaisiin | ei kiljuttaisi | passive | olisi kiljuttu | ei olisi kiljuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kilju | älä kilju | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiljukoon | älköön kiljuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kiljunut | älköön olko kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiljukaamme | älkäämme kiljuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiljukaa | älkää kiljuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiljukoot | älkööt kiljuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kiljuneet | älkööt olko kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiljuttakoon | älköön kiljuttako | passive | olkoon kiljuttu | älköön olko kiljuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kiljunen | en kiljune | 1st sing. | lienen kiljunut | en liene kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kiljunet | et kiljune | 2nd sing. | lienet kiljunut | et liene kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kiljunee | ei kiljune | 3rd sing. | lienee kiljunut | ei liene kiljunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kiljunemme | emme kiljune | 1st plur. | lienemme kiljuneet | emme liene kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kiljunette | ette kiljune | 2nd plur. | lienette kiljuneet | ette liene kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kiljunevat | eivät kiljune | 3rd plur. | lienevät kiljuneet | eivät liene kiljuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kiljuttaneen | ei kiljuttane | passive | lienee kiljuttu | ei liene kiljuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kiljua | present | kiljuva | kiljuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | kiljunut | kiljuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kiljuessa | kiljuttaessa | agent4 | kiljuma | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | kiljumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kiljuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kiljumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kiljumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kiljumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kiljumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kiljumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kiljuman | kiljuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | kiljuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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kiljua
From Proto-Finnic *kiljudak. Cognates include Finnish kiljua and Estonian kiljuda.
kiljua
Conjugation of kiljua (type 1/ampua, no gradation) | |||||
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Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kiljun | en kilju | 1st singular | oon kiljunt, oon kiljunut | en oo kiljunt, en oo kiljunut |
2nd singular | kiljut | et kilju | 2nd singular | oot kiljunt, oot kiljunut | et oo kiljunt, et oo kiljunut |
3rd singular | kiljuu | ei kilju | 3rd singular | ono kiljunt, ono kiljunut | ei oo kiljunt, ei oo kiljunut |
1st plural | kiljumma | emmä kilju | 1st plural | oomma kiljuneet | emmä oo kiljuneet |
2nd plural | kiljutta | että kilju | 2nd plural | ootta kiljuneet | että oo kiljuneet |
3rd plural | kiljuut1), kiljuvat2), kiljutaa | evät kilju, ei kiljuta | 3rd plural | ovat kiljuneet | evät oo kiljuneet, ei oo kiljuttu |
impersonal | kiljutaa | ei kiljuta | impersonal | ono kiljuttu | ei oo kiljuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kiljuin | en kiljunt, en kiljunut | 1st singular | olin kiljunt, olin kiljunut | en olt kiljunt, en olt kiljunut |
2nd singular | kiljuit | et kiljunt, et kiljunut | 2nd singular | olit kiljunt, olit kiljunut | et olt kiljunt, et olt kiljunut |
3rd singular | kiljui | ei kiljunt, ei kiljunut | 3rd singular | oli kiljunt, oli kiljunut | ei olt kiljunt, ei olt kiljunut |
1st plural | kiljuimma | emmä kiljuneet | 1st plural | olimma kiljuneet | emmä olleet kiljuneet |
2nd plural | kiljuitta | että kiljuneet | 2nd plural | olitta kiljuneet | että olleet kiljuneet |
3rd plural | kiljuit1), kiljuivat2), kiljuttii | evät kiljuneet, ei kiljuttu | 3rd plural | olivat kiljuneet | evät olleet kiljuneet, ei olt kiljuttu |
impersonal | kiljuttii | ei kiljuttu | impersonal | oli kiljuttu | ei olt kiljuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kiljuisin | en kiljuis | 1st singular | olisin kiljunt, olisin kiljunut | en olis kiljunt, en olis kiljunut |
2nd singular | kiljuisit, kiljuist1) | et kiljuis | 2nd singular | olisit kiljunt, olisit kiljunut | et olis kiljunt, et olis kiljunut |
3rd singular | kiljuis | ei kiljuis | 3rd singular | olis kiljunt, olis kiljunut | ei olis kiljunt, ei olis kiljunut |
1st plural | kiljuisimma | emmä kiljuis | 1st plural | olisimma kiljuneet | emmä olis kiljuneet |
2nd plural | kiljuisitta | että kiljuis | 2nd plural | olisitta kiljuneet | että olis kiljuneet |
3rd plural | kiljuisiit1), kiljuisivat2), kiljuttais | evät kiljuis, ei kiljuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat kiljuneet | evät olis kiljuneet, ei olis kiljuttu |
impersonal | kiljuttais | ei kiljuttais | impersonal | olis kiljuttu | ei olis kiljuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kilju | elä kilju | 2nd singular | oo kiljunt, oo kiljunut | elä oo kiljunt, elä oo kiljunut |
3rd singular | kiljukoo | elköö kiljuko | 3rd singular | olkoo kiljunt, olkoo kiljunut | elköö olko kiljunt, elköö olko kiljunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kiljukaa | elkää kiljuko | 2nd plural | olkaa kiljuneet | elkää olko kiljuneet |
3rd plural | kiljukoot | elkööt kiljuko, elköö kiljuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot kiljuneet | elkööt olko kiljuneet, elköö olko kiljuttu |
impersonal | kiljuttakkoo | elköö kiljuttako | impersonal | olkoo kiljuttu | elköö olko kiljuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kiljunen | en kiljune | |||
2nd singular | kiljunet | et kiljune | |||
3rd singular | kiljunoo | ei kiljune | |||
1st plural | kiljunemma | emmä kiljune | |||
2nd plural | kiljunetta | että kiljune | |||
3rd plural | kiljunoot | evät kiljune, ei kiljuttane | |||
impersonal | kiljuttannoo | ei kiljuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kiljua | present | kiljuva | kiljuttava | |
2nd | inessive | kiljujees | past | kiljunt, kiljunut | kiljuttu |
instructive | kiljuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kiljukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kiljumaa | |||
inessive | kiljumaas | ||||
elative | kiljumast | ||||
abessive | kiljumata | ||||
4th | nominative | kiljumiin | |||
partitive | kiljumista, kiljumist |