lemaa

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Swahili

Etymology

Likely related to kilema, borrowed from Arabic كِلَام (kilām), plural of كَلْم (kalm, bite, cut).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-lemaa (infinitive kulemaa)

  1. to be crippled or disabled

Conjugation

Conjugation of -lemaa
Positive present -nalemaa
Subjunctive -lemae
Negative -lemai
Imperative singular lemaa
Infinitives
Positive kulemaa
Negative kutolemaa
Imperatives
Singular lemaa
Plural lemaeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hulemaa
Positive past positive subject concord + -lilemaa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kulemaa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalemaa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninalemaa/nalemaa tunalemaa
2nd person unalemaa mnalemaa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) analemaa wanalemaa
other classes positive subject concord + -nalemaa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -lemai)
Singular Plural
1st person silemai hatulemai
2nd person hulemai hamlemai
3rd person m-wa(I/II) halemai hawalemai
other classes negative subject concord + -lemai
Positive future positive subject concord + -talemaa
Negative future negative subject concord + -talemaa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -lemae)
Singular Plural
1st person nilemae tulemae
2nd person ulemae mlemae
3rd person m-wa(I/II) alemae walemae
other classes positive subject concord + -lemae
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -silemae
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngelemaa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singelemaa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalilemaa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalilemaa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alemaa)
Singular Plural
1st person nalemaa twalemaa
2nd person walemaa mwalemaa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) alemaa walemaa
m-mi(III/IV) walemaa yalemaa
ji-ma(V/VI) lalemaa yalemaa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chalemaa vyalemaa
n(IX/X) yalemaa zalemaa
u(XI) walemaa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwalemaa
pa(XVI) palemaa
mu(XVIII) mwalemaa
Perfect positive subject concord + -melemaa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshalemaa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jalemaa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kilemaa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipolemaa
Consecutive kalemaa / positive subject concord + -kalemaa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kalemae
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nilemaa -tulemaa
2nd person -kulemaa -walemaa/-kulemaeni/-walemaeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mlemaa -walemaa
m-mi(III/IV) -ulemaa -ilemaa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilemaa -yalemaa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kilemaa -vilemaa
n(IX/X) -ilemaa -zilemaa
u(XI) -ulemaa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kulemaa
pa(XVI) -palemaa
mu(XVIII) -mulemaa
Reflexive -jilemaa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -lemaa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -lemaaye -lemaao
m-mi(III/IV) -lemaao -lemaayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -lemaalo -lemaayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -lemaacho -lemaavyo
n(IX/X) -lemaayo -lemaazo
u(XI) -lemaao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -lemaako
pa(XVI) -lemaapo
mu(XVIII) -lemaamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -lemaa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yelemaa -olemaa
m-mi(III/IV) -olemaa -yolemaa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lolemaa -yolemaa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -cholemaa -vyolemaa
n(IX/X) -yolemaa -zolemaa
u(XI) -olemaa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kolemaa
pa(XVI) -polemaa
mu(XVIII) -molemaa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Alexander Adelaar (2009) “Loanwords in Malagasy”, in Martin Haspelmath, Uri Tadmor, editors, Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook, Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 731 of 717-746.