martalék

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Hungarian

Etymology

First attested in 1527. From the verb mar (“to bite”) +‎ -alék (noun-forming suffix). Its original meaning was a piece of meat. The nature and function of the letter -t- inside the word is uncertain. It could be a participle suffix or a past-tense suffix. The phonetic form may have been influenced by martalóc.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

martalék (plural martalékok)

  1. (archaic, literary) booty, plunder
    Synonyms: zsákmány, préda
  2. (literary, figuratively) prey, victim
    Synonym: áldozat
    A ház a lángok martaléka lett. ― The house was consumed by flames. (literally, “The house became the prey of flames.”)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative martalék martalékok
accusative martalékot martalékokat
dative martaléknak martalékoknak
instrumental martalékkal martalékokkal
causal-final martalékért martalékokért
translative martalékká martalékokká
terminative martalékig martalékokig
essive-formal martalékként martalékokként
essive-modal martalékul —
inessive martalékban martalékokban
superessive martalékon martalékokon
adessive martaléknál martalékoknál
illative martalékba martalékokba
sublative martalékra martalékokra
allative martalékhoz martalékokhoz
elative martalékból martalékokból
delative martalékról martalékokról
ablative martaléktól martalékoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		martaléké martalékoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		martalékéi martalékokéi
Possessive forms of martalék
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. martalékom martalékaim
2nd person sing. martalékod martalékaid
3rd person sing. martaléka martalékai
1st person plural martalékunk martalékaink
2nd person plural martalékotok martalékaitok
3rd person plural martalékuk martalékaik

References

  1. ^ martalék in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
  2. ^ martalék in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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