mdwj

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Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

Verb

mddwA2

 4ae inf.

  1. (intransitive, of people, mouths, or tongues) to speak (+ n or ḫr or ḫft: to; + ḥr: about; + ḥnꜥ or m-dj or jrm: with (someone); + m: with (the mouth))
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 73–76:
      iWmdd
      k
      n&A1 D35
      n
      wA1Hr Z1
      sDm
      mA1st
      iwA1mbbAAHD53Y2
      k
      xmD35
      n
      wA1
      jw mdw.k n.j nn wj ḥr sḏm{.j} st jw.j m bꜣḥ.k ḫm.n(.j) wj
      ―You’re speaking to me, but I’m not hearing it; I am before you, but I don’t know myself.
  2. (intransitive) to dispute, speak in opposition, contest, contend (+ ḥnꜥ: with; + m: in (some matter, e.g. a will))
  3. (intransitive, with ḥr or ḥr tp) to put in a good word for (someone)
  4. (intransitive, of birds) to cry
  5. (intransitive, of the heart) to beat
  6. (intransitive, of the sky) to thunder
  7. (transitive, rare) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. to claim
    2. to address

Inflection

Conjugation of mdwj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: mdw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
mdwt, mdwj
mdww, mdwyw, mdw
mdwt, mdwwt, mdwyt
mdw
mdw, mdwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
mdw8
ḥr mdwt, ḥr mdwj
m mdwt, ḥr mdwj
r mdwt, ḥr mdwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect mdw.n
mdww, mdw, mdwy
consecutive mdw.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative mdwt
perfective3 mdw
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 mdw.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective mdw, mdwy
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 mdww, mdw, mdwy
mdw
potentialis1 mdw.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive mdw, mdwy
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect mdw.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective mdww1, mdwy, mdw
active + .tj1, .tw2
mdw
mdwy, mdw
imperfective mdw, mdwy, mdww5
active + .tj1, .tw2
mdw, mdwj6, mdwy6
mdw, mdww5
prospective mdww1, mdwy, mdw, mdwtj7
mdwwtj1 4, mdwtj4, mdwt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • mdwi̯ (lemma ID 78140)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 179.2–179.28, 180.2
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 122
  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 174, 292–293.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 83