mikroraion

mikroraion (plural mikroraions or mikroraiony)

1. Alternative spelling of microraion.
   • 1985, E S Savas, J A Kaiser, “Introduction”, in Moscow’s City Government, New York, N.Y.: Praeger, →ISBN, page xxix:

     Raions in turn are divided into mikroraions, analogous to neighborhoods. […] Zheks and mikroraions emphasize citizen involvement on a cooperative, voluntary basis.

   • 1987 December 18, Levente Kaposi, Janos Kopka, Erwin Naplo, translated by Joint Publications Research Service, “Hungarian Journalists in USSR Observe Glasnost, Perestroyka”, in JPRS Report: East Europe (JPRS-EER-87-162), : Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →OCLC, page 14, column 1:

     The work in regard to the untiring improvement of the living conditions of the population deserves special recognition. Evidence of this is the comprehensive conception of the development of Vilnius, which is embodied in the construction of beautiful, modern mikroraions, in the reconstruction of the historic zones of the city, and the solicitous attitude toward them.

   • 1992, David Flint, “Life in Towns”, in Janet De Saulles, Deb Elliott, editors, Living in Europe (Europe), Hove, East Sussex: Wayland, →ISBN, page 33, column 2:

     Each mikroraion has its traffic-free housing areas, together with central shops, schools and recreational facilities. By 1990 Solntsevo’s population had grown to 67,500. However there are still problems:— • There are not enough shops in the mikroraions.

   • 2010, “Jewish Autonomous Oblast”, in Dominic Heaney, editor, Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2011, 11th edition, London: Routledge, →ISBN, →ISSN, part 2 (Country Survey), page 471, column 2:

     Attempts by the Soviet authorities in the 1920s to create designated Jewish regions in Ukraine and Crimea were largely unsuccessful, in part because of hostility from the local population in these regions, although some nominally Jewish administrative sub-counties (mikroraiony) existed in southern Ukraine prior to the Nazi German invasion of the USSR in 1941.

   • 2010, Mark B. Smith, “Conclusion—Paradise in Grey”, in Property of Communists: The Urban Housing Program from Stalin to Khrushchev, DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, →ISBN, page 181:

     Life in mikroraiony changed, and future historians will measure the extent of social provision within them in the 1970s and 1980s.

   • 2020, Łukasz Stanek, “A Global Development Path: Accra, 1957–66”, in Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 67:

     The buildings were typically five stories high (to avoid the construction of an elevator, required under Soviet norms for buildings above five stories), and were arranged into mikroraiony. […] In Soviet cities, mikroraiony were combined into residential districts, themselves assembled into urban districts forming larger units of a given city.

   • 2023, Nikolay Erofeev, Łukasz Stanek, “Integrate, Adapt, Collaborate: Concerns of Comecon’s Technical Assistance to Mongolia during the Cold War”, in Christoph Bernhardt, Andreas Butter, Monika Motylinska, editors, Between Solidarity and Economic Constraints: Global Entanglements of Socialist Architecture and Planning in the Cold War Period (Rethinking the Cold War; 12), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, part I (Soviet Transfer: Strategies and Limits), pages 51–52:

     These residential areas reflected the development of the Soviet prefabrication systems and housing typologies. For example, both mikroraiony 12 and 15 began with the construction of five-story prefabricated blocks and later were extended by nine- and 12-story towers with more complex volumes. They were equipped with social facilities distributed according to a normalised system of catchment areas, and they occasionally included a unique building, such as the Palace of Science and Culture in the 12th mikroraion (Mosproekt II, 1975).