morior

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Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *morjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”), Proto-Germanic *murþaz, Proto-Celtic *marwos, Lithuanian mirti (“death”), Sanskrit मृत्यु (mṛtyú, “death”), Proto-Slavic *merti. Related to mors (“death”).

Pronunciation

Verb

morior (present infinitive morī, perfect active mortuus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent

  1. to die, be slain, fall (in battle), perish
    Synonyms: pereō, occumbō, dēfungor, exspīrō, intereō, dēcēdō, cadō, occidō, excēdō, discēdō, dēficiō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660:
      “Moriēmur inultae / sed moriāmur”
      “We will die unavenged, but let us die.”
      (Dido here speaks of herself using the royal we or majestic we, which some translations honor, and others alter to first-person singular: “I shall die…”.)
    • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 3.2.13:
      Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.
      Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.
  2. to decay, wither

Conjugation

   Conjugation of morior (third conjugation iō-variant, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present morior moreris,
morere 		moritur morimur moriminī moriuntur
imperfect moriēbar moriēbāris,
moriēbāre 		moriēbātur moriēbāmur moriēbāminī moriēbantur
future moriar moriēris,
moriēre 		moriētur moriēmur moriēminī morientur
perfect mortuus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect mortuus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect mortuus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present moriar moriāris,
moriāre 		moriātur moriāmur moriāminī moriantur
imperfect morerer morerēris,
morerēre 		morerētur morerēmur morerēminī morerentur
perfect mortuus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect mortuus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — morere — — moriminī —
future — moritor moritor — — moriuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present morī — moriēns —
future moritūrum esse — moritūrus moriendus,
moriundus
perfect mortuum esse — mortuus —
future perfect mortuum fore — — —
perfect potential moritūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
moriendī moriendō moriendum moriendō mortuum mortuū

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

(Several descendants reflect a fourth-conjugation variant (morior, morīrī) attested in Plautus, Ennius, and Ovid.)

References

  1. ^ Joan Coromines, José A Pascual (1985) “morir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 149

Further reading

  • “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • morior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to die at a good old age: exacta aetate mori
    • (ambiguous) to starve oneself to death: inediā mori or vitam finire
    • (ambiguous) to die a natural death: necessaria (opp. voluntaria) morte mori
    • (ambiguous) to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
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