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Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive, with n or r, or transitive) to call to or call upon
c. 1900 BCE,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4:
- rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bj(ꜣ)t.sn m jjt ḥr.f
- So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.
Inflection
Conjugation of njs (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: njs, geminated stem: njss
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
njs
|
njsw, njs
|
njst
|
njs
|
njs
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
njs
|
ḥr njs
|
m njs
|
r njs
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
njs.n
|
njsw, njs
|
consecutive
|
njs.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
njst
|
| perfective3
|
njs
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
njs.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
njs
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
njs
|
njss
|
potentialis1
|
njs.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
njs
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
njs.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
njs
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
njs
|
njs, njsw5, njsy5
|
| imperfective
|
njs, njsy, njsw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
njs, njsj6, njsy6
|
njs, njsw5
|
| prospective
|
njs, njstj7
|
—
|
njstj4, njst4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
References
