nḏm

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See also: NDM and nDm

Egyptian

Etymology

Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *nx̣m. Cognate with Proto-Semitic *nʿm-.

Pronunciation

 
  • (verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈnaːcʼam//ˈnaːtʼam//ˈnaːtʼəm//ˈnoːtʼəm/
 
  • (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈnaːcʼim//ˈnaːtʼim//ˈnaːtʼəm//ˈnoːtʼəm/

Verb

nDmm

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to taste sweet
  2. (intransitive) to smell sweet or pleasant
  3. (intransitive, often of air, water, or temperature) to be(come) pleasant or refreshing
    • c. 1450 BCE, The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Cairo Museum 34010:
      M29mY1Vw&y M1m&t Y1
      Z2s
      V31
      r
      sS
      n
      bt
      G11
      nḏmwj jmꜣt.k r šnbt.j
      How pleasant is your grace to my breast!
  4. (intransitive, of people) to be(come) healthy or well
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 21:
      bwnb
      x
      n
      t
      S
      fnD
      Y1
      ib
      Z2ss
      nDmHAt
      ib Z2ss
      Xr
      r
      r
      S
      w&t
      bw-nb ḫntš(.w) jbw nḏm(.w) ḥꜣtjw ẖr ršwt
      Everybody is glad, minds are sweet, hearts are in joy.

Inflection

Conjugation of nḏm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nḏm, geminated stem: nḏmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
nḏm
nḏmw, nḏm
nḏmt
nḏm
nḏm
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
nḏm
ḥr nḏm
m nḏm
r nḏm
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect nḏm.n
nḏmw, nḏm
consecutive nḏm.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative nḏmt
perfective3 nḏm
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 nḏm.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective nḏm
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 nḏm
nḏmm
potentialis1 nḏm.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive nḏm
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect nḏm.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective nḏm
active + .tj1, .tw2
nḏm
nḏm, nḏmw5, nḏmy5
imperfective nḏm, nḏmy, nḏmw5
active + .tj1, .tw2
nḏm, nḏmj6, nḏmy6
nḏm, nḏmw5
prospective nḏm, nḏmtj7
nḏmtj4, nḏmt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Descendants

  • Coptic:
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲙ̄ (noutm̄)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉⲙ (noutem)

Adjective

nDmm
  1. perfective active participle of nḏm: sweet, pleasant

Inflection

Declension of nḏm (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular nḏm
nḏmt
dual nḏmwj
nḏmtj
plural nḏmw
nḏmwt1, nḏmt2
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb section above.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 32
  2. ^ Middle Egyptian Grammar: The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Dr. Gabor Toth, Rutgers University.