parvus

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Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Latin parvos, from Proto-Italic *pauros (“few, small”) with sonority hierarchy-related metathesis, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂u-rós, suffixed form of *peh₂w-. Cognate with Ancient Greek παῦρος (paûros), Old Armenian փոքր (pʻokʻr), and the Germanic cognates under Proto-Germanic *fawaz.

Pronunciation

Adjective

parvus (feminine parva, neuter parvum, comparative minor, superlative minimus); first/second-declension adjective

  1. small, little, puny
    Synonym: minutus
    Antonyms: grandis, magnus, adaequātus
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.205–208:
      prōspicit ā templō summum brevis ārea Circum,
      est ibi nōn parvae parva columna notae:
      hinc solet hastā manū bellī praenūntia mittī,
      in rēgem et gentēs cum placet arma cāpī.
      Visible from the temple a short open space, the summit of the Circus . There a small column of no small renown: From this place the custom is to hurl by hand a spear, foretelling of war against a king and his people, it is proper with arms to be taken.
      (With a symbolic hurling of a spear – originally into enemy territory, later within Rome itself – a fetial gave formal declaration of war.)
  2. cheap, petty, trifling, ignorable, unimportant

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative parvus parva parvum parvī parvae parva
Genitive parvī parvae parvī parvōrum parvārum parvōrum
Dative parvō parvō parvīs
Accusative parvum parvam parvum parvōs parvās parva
Ablative parvō parvā parvō parvīs
Vocative parve parva parvum parvī parvae parva

Derived terms

Noun

parvus m (genitive parvī); second declension

  1. child
    ā parvō/ ā parvīs/ ā parvolō ― since childhood

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative parvus parvī
Genitive parvī parvōrum
Dative parvō parvīs
Accusative parvum parvōs
Ablative parvō parvīs
Vocative parve parvī

Related terms

Descendants

Descendants of parvus in other languages
  • Asturian: párvolu
  • Galician: parvo
  • Italian: parvo
  • Spanish: parvo, párvulo
  • Portuguese: parvo
  • Romanian: pârv (possibly)

References

  • “parvus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “parvus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • parvus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • parvus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • from youth up: a puero (is), a parvo (is), a parvulo (is)
    • important results are often produced by trivial causes: ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent
    • a deep, high, thin, moderate voice: vox gravis, acuta, parva, mediocris
    • to be satisfied with a little: paucis, parvo contentum esse
    • to buy cheaply: parvo, vili pretio or bene emere
    • a thing costs much, little: aliquid magno, parvo stat, constat
  • Online Latin dictionary, Olivetti
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