pieci

From *piek- (whence ordinal piektais, q.v.), with k > c because of the following plural -i, extended to this previously undeclinable stem by analogy; from Proto-Baltic *penk-, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (“five”), a word about which several theories have been proposed (old word for “thumb;” “hand (= five fingers together);” *pen-kʷe “and pen”, perhaps from kʷetwores pen-kʷe “four and pen (= 1, one?).” Cognates include Lithuanian penki̇̀, Sudovian pank (< *penk-), Old Prussian penckts (“fifth”), Proto-Slavic *pętь (Russian пять (pjatʹ), Belarusian пяць (pjacʹ), Ukrainian п'ять (pʺjatʹ), Bulgarian пет (pet), Czech pět, Slovak päť, Polish pięć), Proto-Germanic *fimf (< *pempe; Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 (fimf), Old High German funf, finf, German fünf, Old English fīf, English five), Hittite paⁿta, Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan), Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte), Latin quinque (< *penkʷe), Tocharian A pëñ, Tocharian B piš.

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pieci

1. five (the cipher, the cardinal number five)

   pieci un pieci ir desmit ― five plus five is ten

   no pieciem atņemt četrus ― to subtract four from five

2. five (A, excellent, the best school grade; syn. piecnieks)

   saņemt matemātikā pieci ― to get an A (lit. five) in mathematics

3. five (an amount equal to five)

   pieci litri ― five liters

   piecas glāzes ― five glasses

   izlasīt piecas grāmatas ― to read five books

   satikties ar pieciem cilvēkiem ― to meet with five people

   piecus gadus vecs bērns ― a five-year-old boy

4. five o'clock (a moment in time; five hours after midnight, or after noon)

   pulkstenis ir pieci ― it is five o'clock

   trīs minūtes pirms pieciem ― three minutes to five

   lekcija beidzas piecos pēc pusdienas ― the lecture finished at five o'clock after lunch (= in the afternoon)

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