Inherited from Middle French plaindre, pleindre, from Old French plaindre, pleindre, from Latin plangere, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k-.
plaindre
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
| infinitive | simple | plaindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | plaignant /plɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /ple.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | plaint /plɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | plains /plɛ̃/ |
plains /plɛ̃/ |
plaint /plɛ̃/ |
plaignons /plɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲɔ̃/ |
plaignez /plɛ.ɲe/ or /ple.ɲe/ |
plaignent /plɛɲ/ |
| imperfect | plaignais /plɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ple.ɲɛ/ |
plaignais /plɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ple.ɲɛ/ |
plaignait /plɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ple.ɲɛ/ |
plaignions /plɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲjɔ̃/ |
plaigniez /plɛ.ɲje/ or /ple.ɲje/ |
plaignaient /plɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ple.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | plaignis /plɛ.ɲi/ or /ple.ɲi/ |
plaignis /plɛ.ɲi/ or /ple.ɲi/ |
plaignit /plɛ.ɲi/ or /ple.ɲi/ |
plaignîmes /plɛ.ɲim/ or /ple.ɲim/ |
plaignîtes /plɛ.ɲit/ or /ple.ɲit/ |
plaignirent /plɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /ple.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | plaindrai /plɛ̃.dʁe/ |
plaindras /plɛ̃.dʁa/ |
plaindra /plɛ̃.dʁa/ |
plaindrons /plɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
plaindrez /plɛ̃.dʁe/ |
plaindront /plɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | plaindrais /plɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
plaindrais /plɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
plaindrait /plɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
plaindrions /plɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
plaindriez /plɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
plaindraient /plɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | plaigne /plɛɲ/ |
plaignes /plɛɲ/ |
plaigne /plɛɲ/ |
plaignions /plɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲjɔ̃/ |
plaigniez /plɛ.ɲje/ or /ple.ɲje/ |
plaignent /plɛɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | plaignisse /plɛ.ɲis/ or /ple.ɲis/ |
plaignisses /plɛ.ɲis/ or /ple.ɲis/ |
plaignît /plɛ.ɲi/ or /ple.ɲi/ |
plaignissions /plɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
plaignissiez /plɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /ple.ɲi.sje/ |
plaignissent /plɛ.ɲis/ or /ple.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | plains /plɛ̃/ |
— | plaignons /plɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲɔ̃/ |
plaignez /plɛ.ɲe/ or /ple.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
From Latin plangere, present active infinitive of plangō.
plaindre
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | plaindre | avoir plaint | |||||
| gerund | en plaignant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | plaignant | ||||||
| past participle | plaint | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | plaing | plainz | plaint | plaignons | plaigniez | plaignent |
| imperfect | plaignoie, plaigneie | plaignoies, plaigneies | plaignoit, plaigneit | plaigniiens, plaigniens | plaigniiez, plaigniez | plaignoient, plaigneient | |
| preterite | plains | plainsis | plainst | plainsimes | plainsistes | plainstrent | |
| future | plaindrai | plaindras | plaindra | plaindrons | plaindroiz, plaindreiz, plaindrez | plaindront | |
| conditional | plaindroie, plaindreie | plaindroies, plaindreies | plaindroit, plaindreit | plaindriiens, plaindriens | plaindriiez, plaindriez | plaindroient, plaindreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | plaigne, plange | plaignes, planges | plaigne, plange | plaigniens, plaignons, plangiens, planjons | plaigniez, plangiez | plaignent, plangent |
| imperfect | plainsisse | plainsisses | plainsist | plainsissons, plainsissiens | plainsissoiz, plainsissez, plainsissiez | plainsissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | plaing | — | plaignons | plaigniez | — | ||