przynajmniej

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Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish przynamniej. By surface analysis, univerbation of przy +‎ najmniej. Compare Kashubian przënômni and Slovincian przënomjé.

Pronunciation

 
  • Audio 1:(file)
  • Audio 2:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ajmɲɛj
  • Syllabification: przy‧naj‧mniej

Particle

przynajmniej

  1. (focus) at least (at the least; at a minimum or lower limit)
    Synonyms: co najmniej, chociaż
    Antonym: co najwyżej
  2. (Middle Polish) even; say
    Synonym: choćby
  3. (Middle Polish) especially, particularly
    Synonyms: szczególnie, zwłaszcza
  4. (Middle Polish) at least (anyway)
    Synonym: w każdym razie

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), przynajmniej is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 2 times in news, 15 times in essays, 20 times in fiction, and 21 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 76 times, making it the 850th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “przynajmniej”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 469

Further reading