réfranger

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French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

réfranger

  1. to refract

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written réfrange- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of réfranger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple réfranger
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple réfrangeant
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle réfrangé
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present réfrange
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/ 		réfranges
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/ 		réfrange
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/ 		réfrangeons
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ 		réfrangez
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒe/ 		réfrangent
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/
imperfect réfrangeais
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒɛ/ 		réfrangeais
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒɛ/ 		réfrangeait
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒɛ/ 		réfrangions
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ 		réfrangiez
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒje/ 		réfrangeaient
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒɛ/
past historic2 réfrangeai
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒe/ 		réfrangeas
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒa/ 		réfrangea
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒa/ 		réfrangeâmes
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒam/ 		réfrangeâtes
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒat/ 		réfrangèrent
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/
future réfrangerai
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ 		réfrangeras
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ 		réfrangera
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ 		réfrangerons
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		réfrangerez
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ 		réfrangeront
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional réfrangerais
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ 		réfrangerais
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ 		réfrangerait
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ 		réfrangerions
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		réfrangeriez
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ 		réfrangeraient
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present réfrange
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/ 		réfranges
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/ 		réfrange
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/ 		réfrangions
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ 		réfrangiez
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒje/ 		réfrangent
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/
imperfect2 réfrangeasse
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒas/ 		réfrangeasses
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒas/ 		réfrangeât
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒa/ 		réfrangeassions
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		réfrangeassiez
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒa.sje/ 		réfrangeassent
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — réfrange
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃ʒ/ 		— réfrangeons
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ 		réfrangez
/ʁe.fʁɑ̃.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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