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Egyptian
Etymology
Possibly from s- (causative prefix) + jnj (“to delay”); however, the intransitivity of this verb speaks against it being a causative.
Pronunciation
Verb
4ae inf. or caus. 3ae inf.
- (intransitive) to hesitate, to wait (+ n: to wait for)
Inflection
Conjugation of sjnj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: sjn
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sjn.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sjnw1, sjny, sjn
|
sjn
|
sjny, sjn
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| imperfective
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sjn, sjny, sjnw5
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sjn, sjnj6, sjny6
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sjn, sjnw5
|
| prospective
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sjnw1, sjny, sjn, sjntj7
|
sjnwtj1 4, sjntj4, sjnt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
- Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
Sometimes this verb is interpreted as a causative; see the etymology section above:
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Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Conjugation of sjnj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sjn, geminated stem: sjnn
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sjn.n
|
sjnw, sjn, sjny
|
consecutive
|
sjn.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sjnt
|
| perfective3
|
sjn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sjn.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sjn, sjny
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
sjnw, sjn, sjny
|
sjnw, sjn, sjny
|
potentialis1
|
sjn.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sjn, sjny
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sjn.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sjnw1, sjny, sjn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sjn
|
sjny, sjn
|
| imperfective
|
sjnn, sjnny, sjnnw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sjnn, sjnnj6, sjnny6
|
sjnn, sjnnw5
|
| prospective
|
sjnw1, sjny, sjn, sjntj7
|
—
|
sjnwtj1 4, sjntj4, sjnt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
References
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 119
- Gardiner, Alan H. (1911) “‘To wait for’ in Egyptian” in Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, vol. 49, pages 100–102
