sĩ

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

sỹ

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 士

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
(Huế) IPA^(key): ~
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): ~
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)

Noun

(classifier kẻ) sĩ • (士, 仕)

(archaic) a learned person, especially someone from the respected intelligentsia
Holonym: tứ dân

Coordinate terms: công (“artisans/craftsmen”), nông (“peasants/farmers”), thương (“merchants”)

kẻ sĩ ― the literati, the intelligentsia

sĩ nông công thương ― the intelligentsia, the peasants, the craftsmen and the merchants

nữ sĩ ― a female intellectual
- 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “言志 Ngôn chí 14”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):
  絲毫庄固填恩主
  𠰺廊溋𠇍士儒
  Tơ hào chẳng có đền ơn chúa.
  Dạy láng giềng mấy sĩ nho.
  I have not the slightest of things to repay my lord's graces;
  I'm teaching my neighbors, a few intellectuals and scholars.
- Chỉ nam ngọc âm giải nghĩa (Precious manual explicating ) 28b
  士(Sĩ)固(có)才(tài)䝨(hiền)埃(ai)庄(chẳng)別(biết)名(danh).
  The literati possess worthy talents; who is not aware of their reputations?
- 14th century, Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ch. 57; 1909 Vietnamese translation by Phan Kế Bính
  Nghe tiếng ngài yêu người hiền, trọng kẻ sĩ, nên tôi cũng đến yết kiến.
  I've heard that ye reputedly cherish virtuosi and respect literati, so I'm also come for an audience.
(military, in compounds) warrior, soldier, officer (commissioned or non-commissioned)
tướng sĩ ― generals and officers

liệt sĩ ― soldier killed in the line of duty
- 1759, Lê Quý Đôn, Đại Việt thông sử (Thorough Historical Records of Great Việt); 1973, Vietnamese translation by Lê Mạnh Liêu
  Bởi vậy ngài bèn đại hội tướng sĩ, bàn tính việc khởi binh.
  Therefore, he held a great meeting with the generals and officers, to discuss raising armies.
(in compounds) agentive suffix
nghệ sĩ ― artist

kị sĩ ― rider
(xiangqi) an advisor, a piece labeled with the characters 士 (shì, black) and 仕 (sĩ, red)

See also

Derived terms

Adjective

sĩ

(archaic) intelligent; wise; well educated

Verb

sĩ

(colloquial) Short for sĩ diện (“to be egoistic, to be snobbish”).

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