仕
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Translingual
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Han character
仕 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人土 (OG), four-corner 24210, composition ⿰亻士)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 368
- Dae Jaweon: page 195, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 112, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4ED5
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
仕 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 仕 |
|---|
 b12243  s05662 Transcribed ancient scripts  L34132  L34133 |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zrɯʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic ⺅ (“person”) + phonetic 士 (OC *zrɯʔ, “a person engaged in an official position”). It is mainly used as a verb meaning "to serve."
References
- ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017
Etymology 1
See 士 "servant, retainer, officer, scholar, gentleman"
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shì
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
- Wade–Giles: shih4
- Yale: shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si6
- Yale: sih
- Cantonese Pinyin: si6
- Guangdong Romanization: xi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: dzriX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯʔ/
Definitions
仕
- scholar; official; guardian
- 有仕於此，而子悅之，不告於王而私與之吾子之祿爵；夫仕也，亦無王命而私受之於子，則可乎？
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu shì yú cǐ, ér zǐ yuè zhī, bùgào yú wáng ér sī yǔ zhī wúzǐ zhī lùjué; fú shì yě, yì wú wángmìng ér sī shòu zhī yú zǐ, zé kě hū?
- Suppose there were an officer here, with whom you, Sir, were pleased, and that, without informing the king, you were privately to give to him your salary and rank; and suppose that this officer, also without the king's orders, were privately to receive them from you - would such a transaction be allowable?
有仕于此，而子悦之，不告于王而私与之吾子之禄爵；夫仕也，亦无王命而私受之于子，则可乎？
- to serve in the government
- (xiangqi) adviser; guard; minister: 🩡 (on the red side)
- a surname
Coordinate terms
- (Chinese chess pieces) 帥 / 帅 (shuài) / 將 / 将 (jiàng), 仕 (shì) / 士 (shì), 相 / 象 (xiàng), 俥 / 伡 / 車 / 车 (jū), 傌 / 㐷 / 馬 / 马 (mǎ), 炮 / 砲 / 炮, 兵 (bīng) / 卒 (zú)
Compounds
Etymology 2
From 亻 (denoting one octave lower in Cantonese opera) + 士 (si6).
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si6
- Yale: sih
- Cantonese Pinyin: si6
- Guangdong Romanization: xi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
仕
- (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note an octave below low la (6̣̣).
- Synonym: 𪛘 (sì) (Kunqu)
Japanese
Kanji
仕
Readings
- Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō †)
- Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Kun: つかえる (tsukaeru, 仕える, Jōyō)←つかへる (tukaferu, 仕へる, historical)、つかまつる (tsukamatsuru, 仕る)、つこうまつる (tsukōmatsuru, 仕る)
- Nanori: つこう (tsukō)
Compounds
- 仕上がり (shiagari, “finish, end, completion”)
- 仕上げ (shiage, “end, finishing touches”)
- 仕上げる (shiageru, “finish up, complete”)
- 仕入れ (shīre, “stocking, buying up”)
- 仕入れる (shīreru, “lay in stock, replenish stock”)
- 仕打ち (shiuchi, “treatment, behavior, action”)
- 仕置き (shioki, “punishment”)
- 仕送り (shiokuri, “allowance, remittance”)
- 仕掛け (shikake, “device, contrivance, trick”)
- 仕掛ける (shikakeru, “commence, lay, set”)
- 仕方 (shikata, “way, method, means”)
- 仕方がない (shikata ga nai), 仕方ない (shikata nai, “it can't be helped”)
- 仕切り (shikiri, “partition, division, boundary”)
- 仕切る (shikiru, “partition, divide, mark off”)
- 仕草 (shigusa, “action, acting, gesture”)
- 仕組み (shikumi, “structure, construction, arrangement”)
- 仕事 (shigoto, “work, job, business”)
- 仕事中 (shigotochū, “at work, working”)
- 仕事始め (shigotohajime, “resuming work after New Year's vacation”)
- 仕事場 (shigotoba, “place where one works”)
- 仕込み (shikomi, “training, stocking up”)
- 仕立て (shitate, “tailoring, dressmaking, sewing”)
- 仕立てる (shitateru, “tailor, make, prepare”)
- 仕手 (shite, “doer, performer”)
- お仕舞い (oshimai, “the end, closing”)
- 仕舞う (shimau, “finish, do something completely”)
- 仕様 (shiyō, “way, method, means”)
- 仕様がない (shiyō ga nai), しょうがない (shō ga nai, “it's no use”)
- 仕業 (shiwaza, “deed, act, action”)
- 仕える (tsukaeru, “serve, work for, attend”)
- 奉仕 (hōshi, “attendance, service, ministry”)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 仕 |
| し Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 仕 (MC dzriX).
Pronunciation
Noun
- official, civil service
- 仕を致す
- shi o itasu
- to resign from public office
- 仕を致す
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 仕 |
| し Grade: 3 (ateji) |
| on'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 仕 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 仕, is an alternative spelling (in compounds) of the above term.) |
Usage notes
- Used primarily as the first element in verb-verb and verb-noun compounds.
References
Korean
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
仕: Hán Nôm readings: sĩ, sải, sảy, sãi, sẻ, sễ, sẽ, sì, sẩy, sè, sõi, sỡi, xảy