t'

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See also: ť, tʼ, and Appendix:Variations of "t"

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): , , prolongation of previous sound, or silent (with pause)

Etymology 1

From Middle English that, from Old English þæt (“the, that”, neuter definite article and relative pronoun).

Article

t’

  1. Northern England form of the (most characteristic of Yorkshire, but also found in areas of Lancashire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire)
    1. (Yorkshire) Short for 'the' (mostly in speech)
Usage notes
  • Before a vowel, t’ is usually written and pronounced as if appended to the following word.
    • In He can't make up his mind if he wants one or t’other (= He can't make up his mind if he wants one or the other) t’other is pronounced as if spelled tother. Sometimes, especially after a consonant, it is pronounced as a glottal stop as below.
  • Before a consonant, t’ is pronounced as a glottal stop following the preceding word.
    • In I’m going down t’ road to see me mam ( = I’m going down the road to see my mother), down t’ is pronounced as down followed by a glottal stop.
  • t’ is sometimes not pronounced at all, having no glottal stop, resulting in a slight pause or lengthening of the preceding sound.
    • This still remains distinct from the form without a definite article: compare in t’ woods with in woods .
  • Speakers to whom the usage is not native sometimes pronounce it or , either deliberately in mockery or unconsciously in ignorance. However, t' is said when it is used for to the.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Contraction.

Preposition

t’

  1. Apocopic form of to

Catalan

Pronoun

t'

  1. Contraction of et.

Usage notes

  • t' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel.
    T'estimo. ― I love you.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t‿/
  • Audio(file)

Pronoun

t’

  1. elided form of te
    Je t’ai vu.
    I saw you.
  2. (colloquial) elided form of tu
    T’as vu mon frère ?
    Have you seen my brother?

Related terms

French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ moi
Second — tu te, t’ toi
Third Masculine il le, l’ lui lui
Feminine elle la, l’ elle
Gender neutral5 iel lea ellui
Indeterminate on1 — — —
Reflexive — se, s’4 soi4
Plural First — nous nous nous
Second — vous2 vous2,3 vous2
Third Masculine ils3 les leur eux
Feminine elles elles
Gender neutral5 iels elleux
1 Also used as the first person plural.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
5 Colloquial, and not in popular use.

Further reading

Haitian Creole

Adverb

t'

  1. Contraction of te.

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu) /t̪ˠ/, (before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi) /tʲ/

Determiner

t’

  1. (Cois Fharraige) Alternative form of d’ (“your (singular)”)

Verb

t'

  1. (informal) Contraction of tá (“is”).
    • 1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:
      “T’eagla orm,” dubhairt an rí, “go bhfuil mé caillte, óir budh chóir gur mhac damh atá ’san phlúr seo.”
      “I am afraid I am lost,” said the king, “for it ought to be that this flower is a son of mine.”

Italian

Pronoun

t' (apocopated)

  1. Apocopic form of ti
    T’odio. ― I hate you.

Usage notes

Commonly elides before a vowel, especially i and e.

See also

Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Conjunctive Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1 		glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Louisiana Creole

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Particle

t'

  1. prevocalic form of té (past tense marker)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

t'

  1. prevocalic form of to (“you, thou”)
    T'olé ça? ― Do you want that?

Maltese

Preposition

t’

  1. Apocopic form of ta’
    t’art ― of earth

Usage notes

Its use is optional when followed by a vowel sound, and connects to the next word directly without a space, i.e. both t’art as one word and ta’ art as two words are correct.

Manx

Verb

t'

  1. Apocopic form of ta

Sassarese

Pronoun

t'

  1. Apocopic form of ti, used before a vowel

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

Determiner

t’

  1. Alternative form of d’ (“your”) (second-person singular possessive pronoun)

Yola

Preposition

t'

  1. Alternative form of ta
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
      Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.
      Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:
      Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,
      Nay, now or never! we cry'd to Tommy,
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
      T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;
      To break up the goal they had not power;
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
      Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
      Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;
    • 1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:
      Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.
      Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.
    • 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:
      Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?
    • 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 132:
      Tommeen was eepit t' drive in

References

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86
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