tóg

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See also: tog and togʻ

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Back-formation from tógáil, from Middle Irish tócbáil, verbal noun of do·fócaib (“lifts up, raises”).

Pronunciation

Verb

tóg (present analytic tógann, future analytic tógfaidh, verbal noun tógáil, past participle tógtha)

  1. to raise, lift, hoist, elevate, take up
    • 1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 194:
      Fe dheire do bhí ar an gcaptaen a sheólta a thógaint suas agus dul go dtí dúthaigh éigin ag triall ar lasc [sic; lasta] eile.
      Finally the captain had to hoist his sails and go to some country for another cargo.
  2. to erect, build
  3. to rear, bring up
    gamhain a thógáil ― to rear a calf
    Rugadh agus tógadh i mBaile Átha Cliath é.
    He was born and raised in Dublin.
  4. to seize (take possession of by force, law etc.)
  5. to take (a picture)
    Synonym: glac
    Thóg sé grianghraf.
    He took a photograph.

Inflection

conjugation of tóg (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present tógaim tógann tú;
tógair† 		tógann sé, sí tógaimid tógann sibh tógann siad;
tógaid† 		a thógann; a thógas /
a dtógann*; a dtógas* 		tógtar
past thóg mé; thógas thóg tú; thógais thóg sé, sí thógamar; thóg muid thóg sibh; thógabhair thóg siad; thógadar a thóg /
ar thóg* 		tógadh
past habitual thógainn / dtógainn‡‡ thógtá / dtógtᇇ thógadh sé, sí / dtógadh sé, s퇇 thógaimis; thógadh muid / dtógaimis‡‡; dtógadh muid‡‡ thógadh sibh / dtógadh sibh‡‡ thógaidís; thógadh siad / dtógaidís‡‡; dtógadh siad‡‡ a thógadh /
a dtógadh* 		thógtaí / dtógta퇇
future tógfaidh mé;
tógfad 		tógfaidh tú;
tógfair† 		tógfaidh sé, sí tógfaimid;
tógfaidh muid 		tógfaidh sibh tógfaidh siad;
tógfaid† 		a thógfaidh; a thógfas /
a dtógfaidh*; a dtógfas* 		tógfar
conditional thógfainn / dtógfainn‡‡ thógfá / dtógfᇇ thógfadh sé, sí / dtógfadh sé, s퇇 thógfaimis; thógfadh muid / dtógfaimis‡‡; dtógfadh muid‡‡ thógfadh sibh / dtógfadh sibh‡‡ thógfaidís; thógfadh siad / dtógfaidís‡‡; dtógfadh siad‡‡ a thógfadh /
a dtógfadh* 		thógfaí / dtógfa퇇
subjunctive present go dtóga mé;
go dtógad† 		go dtóga tú;
go dtógair† 		go dtóga sé, sí go dtógaimid;
go dtóga muid 		go dtóga sibh go dtóga siad;
go dtógaid† 		— go dtógtar
past dá dtógainn dá dtógtá dá dtógadh sé, sí dá dtógaimis;
dá dtógadh muid 		dá dtógadh sibh dá dtógaidís;
dá dtógadh siad 		— dá dtógtaí
imperative tógaim tóg tógadh sé, sí tógaimis tógaigí;
tógaidh† 		tógaidís — tógtar
verbal noun tógáil
past participle tógtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

  • Alternative verbal noun: tógaint (Munster)
  • There also exist archaic spellings with bh before vowel-initial endings, e.g. first-person singular tógbhaim, verbal noun tógbháil.

Derived terms

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
tóg thóg dtóg
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tócbáil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “do·fócaib”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tógaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 739
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tóg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “tóg” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “tóg” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
  • “tóg”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy

Polish

Pronunciation

Noun

tóg f

  1. genitive plural of toga
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