From Proto-Uralic *tuna- (“to get used to, to learn”) + -ít (causative suffix).[1][2] Cognates include Moksha and Erzya тонадомс (tonadoms, “to get used to, to learn”).
tanít
In the sense ’to pass on knowledge to’, the most common argument structure is the accusative for the subject (the field of teaching) and the dative (-nak/-nek) for the recipients (the people being instructed). However, the subject (the field of teaching) can also take -ra/-re if the recipients are specified with the accusative:
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítok | tanítasz | tanít | tanítunk | tanítotok | tanítanak | |
Def. | tanítom | tanítod | tanítja | tanítjuk | tanítjátok | tanítják | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítalak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | tanítottam | tanítottál | tanított | tanítottunk | tanítottatok | tanítottak | ||
Def. | tanítottam | tanítottad | tanította | tanítottuk | tanítottátok | tanították | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítottalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. tanítani fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | taníték | tanítál | taníta | tanítánk | tanítátok | tanítának | ||
Def. | tanítám | tanítád | tanítá | tanítánk | tanítátok | taníták | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tanít vala, tanított vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | tanítandok | tanítandasz | tanítand | tanítandunk | tanítandotok | tanítandanak | ||
Def. | tanítandom | tanítandod | tanítandja | tanítandjuk | tanítandjátok | tanítandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítanék | tanítanál | tanítana | tanítanánk | tanítanátok | tanítanának | |
Def. | tanítanám | tanítanád | tanítaná | tanítanánk (or tanítanók) |
tanítanátok | tanítanák | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítanálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tanított volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítsak | taníts or tanítsál |
tanítson | tanítsunk | tanítsatok | tanítsanak | |
Def. | tanítsam | tanítsd or tanítsad |
tanítsa | tanítsuk | tanítsátok | tanítsák | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítsalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tanított légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | tanítani | tanítanom | tanítanod | tanítania | tanítanunk | tanítanotok | tanítaniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
tanítás | tanító | tanított | tanítandó | tanítva (tanítván) | taníttat | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthatok | taníthatsz | taníthat | taníthatunk | taníthattok | taníthatnak | |
Def. | taníthatom | taníthatod | taníthatja | taníthatjuk | taníthatjátok | taníthatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | taníthattam | taníthattál | taníthatott | taníthattunk | taníthattatok | taníthattak | ||
Def. | taníthattam | taníthattad | taníthatta | taníthattuk | taníthattátok | taníthatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | taníthaték | taníthatál | taníthata | taníthatánk | taníthatátok | taníthatának | ||
Def. | taníthatám | taníthatád | taníthatá | taníthatánk | taníthatátok | taníthaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. taníthat vala, taníthatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | taníthatandok or tanítandhatok |
taníthatandasz or tanítandhatsz |
taníthatand or tanítandhat |
taníthatandunk or tanítandhatunk |
taníthatandotok or tanítandhattok |
taníthatandanak or tanítandhatnak | ||
Def. | taníthatandom or tanítandhatom |
taníthatandod or tanítandhatod |
taníthatandja or tanítandhatja |
taníthatandjuk or tanítandhatjuk |
taníthatandjátok or tanítandhatjátok |
taníthatandják or tanítandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatandalak or tanítandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthatnék | taníthatnál | taníthatna | taníthatnánk | taníthatnátok | taníthatnának | |
Def. | taníthatnám | taníthatnád | taníthatná | taníthatnánk (or taníthatnók) |
taníthatnátok | taníthatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. taníthatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthassak | taníthass or taníthassál |
taníthasson | taníthassunk | taníthassatok | taníthassanak | |
Def. | taníthassam | taníthasd or taníthassad |
taníthassa | taníthassuk | taníthassátok | taníthassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. taníthatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (taníthatni) | (taníthatnom) | (taníthatnod) | (taníthatnia) | (taníthatnunk) | (taníthatnotok) | (taníthatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | tanítható | Neg. adj. | taníthatatlan | Adv. part. | (taníthatva / taníthatván) | ||||
(With verbal prefixes):